Firoozeh Abolhasani Zadeh; Elham Shahhosseini; Soheil Rasoolzadegan; Gülüzar Özbolat; Farnoosh Farahbod
Abstract
As the world's sixth prevalent malignancy among women, the increased rate of mortality in ovarian cancer (OC) patients is due to late diagnosis that causes a high rate of proliferation within the abdominal cavity. The sensitivity of screening and detection methods for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer ...
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As the world's sixth prevalent malignancy among women, the increased rate of mortality in ovarian cancer (OC) patients is due to late diagnosis that causes a high rate of proliferation within the abdominal cavity. The sensitivity of screening and detection methods for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer in the early stages is insufficient. Considering the high rate of ovarian cancers resistance to most traditional treatments that cause the risk of disease recurrence and death, it is necessary to design new treatments and diagnostic methods. In this regard, nanoparticles and nanotechnology can be viable options for suppressing these limitations. One of the goals of nanotechnology is to improve the approaches of diagnosing, treating, or their combination (theranostics) in a variety of diseases including cancer. Au nanoparticles can simultaneously integrate therapeutic and imaging agents due to their special and extraordinary physicochemical properties and function as theranostic platforms. Next to their numerous distinct features, such as small size, surface impacts, quantum size, and electrical and optical effects, AuNPs proved to be relatively secure, stable, and require a simple preparation. Gold nanoparticles can be exerted as carriers for a more effective and targeted diagnostic and therapeutic agent delivery in the treatment of ovarian cancer. They can limit drug toxicity at tumor site and consequently reduce the toxicity of normal cells and tissues. Gold nanoparticles can be used as nano-theranostics agents and facilitate personalized medicine for a more efficient treatment of ovarian cancer by providing the simultaneous delivering of diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
drug delivery
Samin Shokravi; Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh; Farnoosh Farahbod; Aref Nooraei
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are comprised of hierarchically-organized subpopulations of cells with distinguished phenotypes and tumorigenic capabilities that concrete to metastasis and cancer recurrence. According to related studies, their presence stands as the main reason of cancer associated fatalities. ...
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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are comprised of hierarchically-organized subpopulations of cells with distinguished phenotypes and tumorigenic capabilities that concrete to metastasis and cancer recurrence. According to related studies, their presence stands as the main reason of cancer associated fatalities. The fundamental feature of these cells is their ability to provide resistance towards conventional treatments or facilitate escaping routes, which include the overexpression of multifunctional ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporter gene family, metabolism reprogramming, and activation of survivance pathways . Conventional therapies are mainly capable of annihilating cancer cells, while lacking the ability to remove vital CSCs. The recurrence of tumors can be impeded through the targeting of CSCs by different therapies. Nanoparticles with unique properties have emerged as a promising approach for combating stem cancer cells. Therefore, the exertion of nanoparticles, especially metal nanoparticles ‐ based drug delivery systems in cancer imaging and remedial treatment, can surpass the obstacles of conventional treatments. Therefore, the possibility of achieving nonspecific toxicities through the administration of lower but more accurate targeted doses can be provided by the production of theranostic metal nanoparticles and the incorporation of payload drugs into metal nanoparticles carriers, which requires a particular focus on the significance of biomarker targeting for remedial purposes and the unique contrast‐enhancing features of theranostic metal nanoparticles for facilitating image‐guided delivery. Despite the benefits of using nanoparticles for treating cancer stem cells, yet it is necessary to surpass the numerous challenges and further conduct comprehensive researches.
