Arash Alipour; Mohammad Saber Tehrani; Parviz Aberoomand Azar; Mohammad Hadi Givianrad
Abstract
In this research, a novel method is reported for the surface grafting of n-vinylcaprolactam as a thermosensitive agent and 3-allyloxy-1,2-propandiol with an affinity toward ceftriaxone onto modified magnetic nanoparticles by 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane. The grafted nanoparticles were characterized ...
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In this research, a novel method is reported for the surface grafting of n-vinylcaprolactam as a thermosensitive agent and 3-allyloxy-1,2-propandiol with an affinity toward ceftriaxone onto modified magnetic nanoparticles by 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane. The grafted nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Elemental Analysis, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. The surface morphology was studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy. The resulting grafted nanoparticles were used for determining trace ceftriaxone in biological human fluids. The profile of ceftriaxone uptake by the modified magnetic nanoparticles indicated good accessibility of the active sites in the grafted copolymer. It was found that the adsorption behavior could be fitted by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Solid phase extraction for biological fluids such as urine and serum were also investigated. In this study, a urine extraction recovery of more than 95% was obtained. Overall, magnetic nanoparticles coated with sensitive polymer have proved to enjoy unique properties in biotechnology and drug delivery research.
Abbas Rahdar; Susan kazemi; Faezeh Askari
Abstract
A common approach for building a drug delivery system is to incorporate the drug within the nanocarrier that results in increased solubility, metabolic stability, and improved circulation time. However, recent developments indicate that selection of polymer nanomaterials can implement more than only ...
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A common approach for building a drug delivery system is to incorporate the drug within the nanocarrier that results in increased solubility, metabolic stability, and improved circulation time. However, recent developments indicate that selection of polymer nanomaterials can implement more than only inert carrier functions by being biological response modifiers. One representative of such materials is Pluronic block copolymers that cause various functional alterations in cells. The key attribute for the biological activity of Pluronics is their ability to incorporate into membranes followed by subsequent translocation into the cells and affecting various cellular functions, such as mitochondrial respiration, ATP synthesis, activity of drug efflux transporters, apoptotic signal transduction, and gene expression. As a result, Pluronics cause drastic sensitization to various anticancer agents based on multidrug resistant (MDR), enhance drug transport across the blood brain and intestinal barriers, and causes transcriptional activation of gene expression both in vitro and in vivo. On other hand, there has been a considerable research interest in the area of drug delivery using polymer based particulate delivery systems as carriers for small and large molecules. Particulate systems like nanoparticles and micelles have been used as a physical approach to alter and improve the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic profiles of various types of drug molecules. Due to the wide compatibility with drug candidates of diverse nature and ingredients in formulations, poloxamers serve to be excellent polymer for drug delivery vehicles by different routes of administration. This review will highlight the poloxamers-based micelles/nanoparticles that have been developed to date.
Minoo Sadri; Narges Pashmfroosh; Samira Samadieh
Abstract
Objective(S): Implant-related infections are disastrous complications in the clinic. One recent strategy to reduce the rate of infection is using the bioactive coating with an antibiotic. The purpose of these bioactive surfaces is to prevent bacterial adhesion to the implant and, consequently, the development ...
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Objective(S): Implant-related infections are disastrous complications in the clinic. One recent strategy to reduce the rate of infection is using the bioactive coating with an antibiotic. The purpose of these bioactive surfaces is to prevent bacterial adhesion to the implant and, consequently, the development of biofilm. In this study, vancomycin-loaded polymeric coating on implants was prepared using the electrospinning technique. Methods: We selected polymers, chitosan (CS), and poly ethylene oxide (PEO) to prepare nanofibers. Then for the better attachment of nanofibers on the implant, the first coated the implant with thin film CS-gelatin. The prepared coatings were characterized using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FT-IR spectroscopy. The antibacterial effectiveness of vancomycin-loaded polymeric coating and the bacterial adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated in vitro. An elution study was performed with UV-Vis spectroscopy to determine the release behaviour of the vancomycin from the polymeric coating. Results: The morphology of the vancomycin-loaded polymeric coating implant exhibited nanofibers with diameters 70-130 nm. The vancomycin-loaded polymeric coating titanium significantly reduced the adhesion of the staphylococcus aureus compared with bare implants in vitro. The release of vancomycin showed an initial vancomycin burst effect followed by a slow release. 36%of the drug in first two hours, 70% in first 24 hours and 96% in the first week released. Conclusions: The vancomycin-loaded polymeric coating, present many advantages and may be considered to prevent and treat implant-associated infections by impeding bacterial adherence to the implant surface or reducing the concentration of bacteria near the implant.
Tayebeh Shamspur; Fariba Fathirad; Mitra Ghanbari; Saeed Esmaeili Mahani
Abstract
Objective(s): The purpose of this study was preparation and evaluation of PVA-Fe3O4 nanofibers as nanocarrier of doxorubicin (DOX) by measuring their drug release together with their in vitro cytotoxicity toward cancer cells at different pH values. Methods: Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation ...
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Objective(s): The purpose of this study was preparation and evaluation of PVA-Fe3O4 nanofibers as nanocarrier of doxorubicin (DOX) by measuring their drug release together with their in vitro cytotoxicity toward cancer cells at different pH values. Methods: Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The composite nanofibers of polyvinyl alcohol containing nanoparticles and anticancer drug DOX were fabricated by electrospinning method. The nanostructures were characterized by different techniques. The drug release was investigated by UV-Vis spectrophotometer at different pHs and 37.5 ̊C. Results: In vitro drug release experiments show that the doxorubicin release at pH= 6.0 is promisingly more and faster than drug release at pH= 7.4. The fitted equation of release curves corresponds to Peppas model. Also, MTT assays indicate that the MNPs-doxorubicin-loaded nanocarrier has cytotoxicity comparable with free drug. Conclusions: The synthesized nanocarrier was successfully used for the efficient delivery of an anti-cancer drug into the tumor region. The DOX-loaded nanocarrier showed a steady and sustained release profile in vitro up to 72 h. The drug release from nanocarrier was better described using Peppas model.
Seyed Nasrollah Tabatabaei; Sylvain Martel
Abstract
Objective: Magnetic fluid hyperthermia is a technique in which thermal energy is generated by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that are excited by an alternating magnetic field (AC field). During hyperthermia, in-vivo monitoring of elevation of temperature relies on invasive insertion of conventional thermometers, ...
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Objective: Magnetic fluid hyperthermia is a technique in which thermal energy is generated by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that are excited by an alternating magnetic field (AC field). During hyperthermia, in-vivo monitoring of elevation of temperature relies on invasive insertion of conventional thermometers, or employment of thermo-sensitive cameras that lack high precision. The objective of this manuscript is to provide a mathematical approach to better estimate elevation of temperature and its profile after hyperthermia of MNPs inside an AC field. Methods: To this end, we first show that temperature profile due to hyperthermia of iron oxide MNPs at 10, 25, and 50 mg/ml are concentration dependent. Then by using best-fit polynomial equations, we show that the temperature profile for any given concentration of the same iron oxide MNPs can be traced to close approximation. Thermodynamic heat transfer equations were then used to graph the distribution of temperature in a tissue with a known heat capacity and conductivity parameters. Results: The resulting MatLab software simulation provides the thermal profile of a hypothetical tumor placed adjacent to a muscle tissue. Conclusions: In conclusion, the proposed mathematical approach can closely estimate the temperature profile of magnetic fluid hyperthermia.
Fatemeh Mehrabi; Tayebeh Shamspur; Ali Mostafavi; Asma Saljooqi; Fariba Fathirad
Abstract
Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to compare novel sandwich-structured nanofibrous membranes, and coaxial and usual methods, to provide sustained-release delivery of morphine for drug delivery. In this work, synthesis ofnanofibrous cellulose acetate (NFC) was carried out by electrospinning. ...
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Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to compare novel sandwich-structured nanofibrous membranes, and coaxial and usual methods, to provide sustained-release delivery of morphine for drug delivery. In this work, synthesis ofnanofibrous cellulose acetate (NFC) was carried out by electrospinning. Methods: A weighed amount of cellulose acetate (CA) powder was dissolved in 3:1 v/v acetone/dimethylformamide (DMF) to obtain a CA solution at a concentration of 8 to16% w/v. Acetaminophen or morphine-loaded CA solutions were prepared by dissolving CA powder and Acetaminophen (A) or morphine in the weight ratio of 5:1, in an acetone/DMF mixture. Under optimum condition, they were electrospun into sandwich structured membranes with the coaxial method and cellulose acetate as the surface layer and cellulose acetate/drugs as the core. Results: Characterization of the radius of fiber is shown as 52.9 ± 0.1nm with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The full range drug release profiles of nanofibers are shown as 80.7% of the contained drug in 8h. The drug release from nanofiber was controlled through a typical Fickian diffusion mechanism from the cellulose acetate matrix by a release exponent value of 0.24 for conventional nanofiber, 0.35 for coaxial nanofiber and 0.40 (less than 0.45) for sandwich nanofibers. Conclusions: All the cellulose acetate nanofibers showed that they could release large amounts of drugs in vitro for more than one day. However, among these three methods, the best one is a sandwich method because its release is slower than that of the other methods.
Mitra Amoli Diva; Kamyar Pourghazi
Abstract
Objective(s): Researchers have intended to reformulate drugs so that they may be more safely used in human body. Polymer science and nanotechnology have great roles in this field. The aim of this paper is to introduce an efficient drug delivery vehicle which can perform both targeted and controlled antibiotic ...
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Objective(s): Researchers have intended to reformulate drugs so that they may be more safely used in human body. Polymer science and nanotechnology have great roles in this field. The aim of this paper is to introduce an efficient drug delivery vehicle which can perform both targeted and controlled antibiotic release using magnetic nanoparticles grafted pH-responsive polymer. Methods: Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared via a simple co-precipitation method and coated with APTS. Then, it was used as a core in synthesis of a core-shell pH-responsive polymer. After that, atorvastatin was loaded into the carrier and its release rate, kinetic and mechanism were investigated. Results: The results revealed that cumulative release of the drug from nano carrier was 78% at pH 1.2 while in pH 5.5 and 7.2, the drug release was only about 5 and 31% respectively. Effect of different parameters on the atorvastatin release such as amounts of MAA monomer, EGDMA as cross-linker, AIBN as initiator, and MNPs were also studied. Furthermore, release kinetics and mechanism investigation along with the swelling behavior studies of plain polymer reveal Fickian pattern and diffusion controlled mechanism. Conclusions: The results indicate that the prepared nano-carrier can be serving as a suitable candidate for controlled delivery of the drugs.
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