Fatemeh Madani; Basil Mujokoro; Shima Mohammadi; Masood Khosravani; Mahdi Adabi
Abstract
In this study, we prepared methotrexate (MTX) loaded chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers using electrospinning method. The prepared nanofiber mats were soaked into the glutaraldehyde solution for crosslinking. The ratio of chitosan/PVA was 1:9 and 1:7, and the crosslinking time was 24 hrs and ...
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In this study, we prepared methotrexate (MTX) loaded chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers using electrospinning method. The prepared nanofiber mats were soaked into the glutaraldehyde solution for crosslinking. The ratio of chitosan/PVA was 1:9 and 1:7, and the crosslinking time was 24 hrs and 36 hrs. In vitro release study was performed on four formulations of nanofibers. Determination of contact angle, SEM, and MTT assay on U-87 MG cell line and MCF-7 cell line were carried out by those formulations of nanofibers. SEM images showed that the average fiber diameter was 221 nm with a range of 94–410 nm and also water contact angle was 24.3o. In vitro release profile of nanofibers with the ratio of chitosan/PVA of 1:9 and crosslinking time of 36 hrs was more acceptable compared to other ones. After 24 hrs, Chitosan/PVA nanofibers mat containing MTX had 18% and 20% cytotoxicity on U87MG and MCF7 cell lines, respectively. In conclusion, MTX loaded chitosan/PVA nanofibers would be an appropriate therapeutics implant for cancer therapy; however, more studies are also needed.
nanomedicine
Baker F. Abdallaha; Maha A. Younus; Ibraheem J. Ibraheem
Abstract
In this research, chitosan Schiff base was prepared from the reaction of chitosan with carbonyl group of 4-nitro benzaldehyde. The gold and silver nanoparticles were prepared by the onion peels extract as reducing agent. The prepared AgNPs and AuNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM ...
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In this research, chitosan Schiff base was prepared from the reaction of chitosan with carbonyl group of 4-nitro benzaldehyde. The gold and silver nanoparticles were prepared by the onion peels extract as reducing agent. The prepared AgNPs and AuNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM microscopy and XRD analysis. Polymer blends of Chitosan Schiff base, PVA and PVP were synthesis by solution casting method, Chitosan Schiff base / PVA / PVP Au and Ag nanocomposites were manufacture. the polymer blends and nano composites were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, DSC, and TGA, the blends and nano composites showed good activity against different gram +ve and gram -ve bacterium kinds, The antimicrobial activities toward the tested microorganisms, which can be attributed to chemical structure of Chitosan Schiff base, the presence of the Schiff-base molecule's imine group (C=N) with its 𝜋 - electrons is thought to improve the molecule's lipophilicity, making it easier for it to enter the microbe's cell membrane, the nano composites showed good results in inhibition of breast cancer cell line MCF7.
nanomedicine
Mohsen Abedi Ostad; Roghaye Arezuman; Fatemeh Oroojalian; Ali Hanafi; Amir Amani
Abstract
Particle size is an important parameter in determining quality of drug delivery systems. Electrospray is a novel and interesting approach to prepare polymeric nanoparticles. In this study, effect of four independent parameters on size of nanoparticles, prepared via electrospray, was investigated using ...
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Particle size is an important parameter in determining quality of drug delivery systems. Electrospray is a novel and interesting approach to prepare polymeric nanoparticles. In this study, effect of four independent parameters on size of nanoparticles, prepared via electrospray, was investigated using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The parameters included concentration of polymer, applied voltage, humidity and temperature, of which, the last two were investigated for the first time in this study.The developed ANNs model showed that there is a complex and non-linear relation between the four input parameters and the size of prepared nanoparticles. The model also showed that applied voltage and temperature had small and reverse effects on the size. However, the dominant factors determining the size of the nanoparticles were humidity and polymer concentration: an optimum value was required for obtaining the smallest size. The values above or lower the optimum value made the particle size of generated nanoparticles larger.
Nikoo Naeeji; Yasser Shahbazi; Nassim Shavisi
Abstract
Objective(s): Edible films and coatings are becoming increasingly important in food preservation applications to maintain quality and extend shelf-life in perishable foods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation at 0 and 5 KGy on in-vitro antimicrobial property of basil ...
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Objective(s): Edible films and coatings are becoming increasingly important in food preservation applications to maintain quality and extend shelf-life in perishable foods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation at 0 and 5 KGy on in-vitro antimicrobial property of basil seed mucilage-chitosan films containing Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil (ZEO) and MgO nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis. Methods: The gamma irradiation doses for fabricated films were 0 and 5 kGy using a 60Co source with a dose rate of 4.18 kGy/h at the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (Tehran, Iran). The antimicrobial property of basil seed mucilage-chitosan films were evaluated using agar disk diffusion and broth micro-dilution assays. Results: The main chemical composition of ZEO were found to be carvacrol (65.22%), thymol (19.51%), ɣ-terpinene (4.63%), and p-cymene (4.86%). The highest antimicrobial activity was found for film containing ZEO 2% + MgO nanoparticles 0.2% with inhibition zone and log DP of 5-7.9 mm and -1.76 - -3.33, respectively. S. aureus was the most sensitive bacteria for the prepared films with inhibition zone and log DP of 5.4-7.9 mm and -0.41 - -3.34, respectively. A smooth, compact, and homogeneous surface without grainy and porous structure was observed in the pure films. MgO nanoparticles and ZEO completely incorporated in the film matrices. Conclusion: According to our results, it may be recommended that basil seed mucilage-chitosan films containing ZEO and MgO nanoparticles can be used for increasing shelf-life of stored food commodities.
Mohammad Hassan Shambayati; Mohsen Mehrabi; Nasser Mohammadpour Dounighi; Ali Ramazani; Abbas Zare Mirakabadi; Ebrahim Ahmadi
Abstract
The aim of this study was designing and preparing the chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading with snake (Vipera albicornuta) venom as well as evaluating the influence of different factors on the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of venom. The morphologies and characteristics of ...
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The aim of this study was designing and preparing the chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading with snake (Vipera albicornuta) venom as well as evaluating the influence of different factors on the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of venom. The morphologies and characteristics of CS-NPs were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. CS-NPs were fabricated based on the ionic gelation method of Tripolyphosphate (TPP) and Chitosan (CS). The results showed smooth surface, spherical shape by SEM. The particle size of loaded nanoparticle was 187 nm and zeta potential was found to be 46.7 mV. Optimum concentration obtained 400 µg/ml for loading of venom, which leads to LC 86% and EE 94%. The structure study of particles demonstrated bond between venom and CS. Based on the results of the study, It can be concluded that the vipera albicornuta venom loaded CS-NPs may be used as a new antigen delivery system.
Yasser Shahbazi; Nassim Shavisi
Abstract
Objective(s): A remarkable growing effort has been conducted by several researchers to fabricate food packaging materials which are able to protect foodstuffs and enhance their shelf-life from food-borne pathogens and fungal attack which causes great damage to the food industries. Recent studies has ...
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Objective(s): A remarkable growing effort has been conducted by several researchers to fabricate food packaging materials which are able to protect foodstuffs and enhance their shelf-life from food-borne pathogens and fungal attack which causes great damage to the food industries. Recent studies has focused on the potential applications of nano-metal oxides in food packaging area. Methods: This study reviews the latest trends and research results concerning the application of chitosan films containing some important nano-metal oxides as appropriate materials for food applications. Results: Nano-metal oxides including zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, silicon dioxide, and silica are the most common nano-metal oxides that incorporated into the chitosan film for improving its antimicrobial, physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Conclusions: The reviewed nano-metal oxides may have positive implications for food industries, particularly in the area of food packaging based on nanoparticles to improve the physic-mechanical properties and also quality shelf-life parameters of foodstuffs.
Najmeh Najmeh Feizi Langaroudi; Negar Motakef Kazemi
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective(s): The oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion is expanded in biomedical application due to their special properties. Mint and Parsley are known herbs with many health benefits. Chitosan (Ch) is a low toxic, biodegradable, biocompatible and safe polymer with the antibacterial activity which ...
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ABSTRACT Objective(s): The oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion is expanded in biomedical application due to their special properties. Mint and Parsley are known herbs with many health benefits. Chitosan (Ch) is a low toxic, biodegradable, biocompatible and safe polymer with the antibacterial activity which is used in production of nanomaterial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nanoemulsion to achieve good antibacterial activity and suitable stability with low cytotoxicity. Methods: In the presence study, the O/W nanoemulsion was prepared by Mint essential oil in the presence of Parsley aqueous extract and chitosan aqueous solution using Span 80 and Tween 80 surfactants and high-intensity homogenizer at room temperature for 30 min. The result samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The stability of nanoemulsion was evaluated for 50 days at different temperatures for optimized samples. The antibacterial activity of samples was measured against an important pathogen bacterium, Escherichia coli (E. coli) using inhibition zone diameter. The rheological properties of nanoemulsion were determined by presentation of viscosity at room temperature. The cytotoxicity of samples was investigated by MTT assay for HEK239 human cell line at three different concentrations for three periods of time. Results: Our results showed the nanoemulsion with nanometer size. The presence of chitosan was caused more particles with the smaller size. The low temperature was needed to protection of nanoemulsion stability and prevention of particle growth. Conclusions: Our study indicated that the nanoemulsion improved its antibacterial activity with low cytotoxicity and suitable stability.
Yasser Shahbazi; Nassim Shavisi
Abstract
Objective(s): This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan-zinc oxide (CH-ZnO) film containing pomegranate peel extract (PPE; 0.5, 1 and 1.5%) on survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus in raw rainbow trout fillets during refrigerated storage for 12 days.Methods: Total ...
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Objective(s): This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan-zinc oxide (CH-ZnO) film containing pomegranate peel extract (PPE; 0.5, 1 and 1.5%) on survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus in raw rainbow trout fillets during refrigerated storage for 12 days.Methods: Total polyphenolic contents of CH-ZnO films containing different concentrations of methanolic PPE were determined with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. In order to enumerate the inoculated pathogenic bacteria in raw rainbow trout fillets, Palcam Listeria selective agar (L. monocytogenes, incubated at 30 °C for 48 h) and Baird Parker agar (S. aureus, incubated at 37 °C for 48 h) were used. Results: Total phenolic content of CH-ZnO enriched with PPE was recorded to be 72-139 mg gallic acid/g film. For un-treated samples, the initially recorded population of 5 log CFU/g of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus were reached 5.36 and 3.03 log CFU/g at the end of designated study period, respectively. There were significant differences between samples packed with CH-ZnO films enriched with different concentrations of PPE (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) and untreated ones (P < 0.05). In both samples treated with 1 and 1.5% PPE, the final bacterial population were reached below 1 log CFU/g at the end of storage period.Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate a potential use of CH-ZnO film enriched with PPE as an effective type of antimicrobial packaging to inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus in raw rainbow trout fillets.
Ali Mohammadzadeh; Minoo Sadri; Seyed Salman Seyed Afghahi; Younes Alizadeh; Sepide Najafian; Hassan Hosseini
Abstract
Objective(S): The chitosan - Fe3O4 core - shell nanoparticles were synthesized. The nanoparticles should be coated properly in the shape of core-shell, so that they remain hidden from the body's immune system after coating. Effects of different molecular weight in coating were investigated. Methods: ...
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Objective(S): The chitosan - Fe3O4 core - shell nanoparticles were synthesized. The nanoparticles should be coated properly in the shape of core-shell, so that they remain hidden from the body's immune system after coating. Effects of different molecular weight in coating were investigated. Methods: Nanoparticles coated with low and medium molecular weight chitosan were synthesized in one step. In this way, first, the nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method. Then, the surface of the nanoparticles was modified using oleic acid. Finally, the nanoparticles were coated with low or medium molecular weight chitosan. The properties of particles were investigated by TEM, XRD, VSM and FT-IR devices as well as the Debye Scherrer method. In biocompatibility study, the nanoparticles were transferred to a medium containing fibroblast cells which were extracted from the mouse embryo and cultivated in an incubator. Then, dead and live fibroblast cells were counted. Results: The growth of fibroblast cells that were adjacent to the nanoparticles were different. The percentage of live cells in the container containing uncoated particles in the sixth day was 20%. Also, the percentage of live cells in a container containing particles covered with low and medium molecular weight chitosan were 90 and 98% in the sixth day respectively. Conclusions: The molecular weight of chitosan can have a significant effect on the toxicity of nanoparticles in biological environments throughout time, so it shows that the medium cells containing particles coated with medium molecular weight chitosan had better growth than low molecular weight chitosan coated particles.
Minoo Sadri; Saede Arab Sorkhi
Abstract
Objective(S): Electrospinning of chitosan/polyethylene oxide (CS/PEO) nanofibers with the addition of cefazolin to create nanofibers with antimicrobial properties were examined. Methods: Polymeric nanofibers including CS/PEO and CS/PEO /cefazolin, were produced by electrospinning method. The range of ...
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Objective(S): Electrospinning of chitosan/polyethylene oxide (CS/PEO) nanofibers with the addition of cefazolin to create nanofibers with antimicrobial properties were examined. Methods: Polymeric nanofibers including CS/PEO and CS/PEO /cefazolin, were produced by electrospinning method. The range of nanofiber was 60-100 nm in diameter and measured with ImageJ software. The morphology of electrospun nanofibers was studied with use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the chemical structures of the nanofibers were evaluated by FT-IR. The drug release of nanofibers was also investigated by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The antibacterial activity of scaffolds was tested by two type bacteria including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The healing ability of nanofibers was studied on the rat’s wound. Results: The SEM images indicated that the addition of cefazolin as much as 1wt% brings about the best nanofiber. Also, the morphology of electrospun nanofiber is dependent on the viscosity of the solution and the ratio of CS /PEO/cefazolin. According to the results of cefazolin releasing from nanofibers, the best results were obtained in the presence of CS /PEO/1wt%cefazolin nanofibers as healing sample. In animal studies, the effect of nanofibers was studied in the burn wound healing of rats and improvement of the wound was observed by nanofibers containing 1%wt cefazolin. Conclusions: According to these results, it seems that CS /PEO/1wt% cefazolin nanofiber is a good choice as a wound covering agent and hold more moisture in its structure thus the surface of wound remain wet during the healing process that prevent from nanofiber sticking to the wound surface.
Simin Seifirad; Hasan Karami; Shadab Shahsavari; Farzad Mirabasi; Farid Dorkoosh
Abstract
Objective(s): Nanoparticles (NPs) are known for their specific accumulation in the inflamed tissues of the colon and thus allow a selective delivery to the site of inflammation with minimum adverse effects. The main objective of this work is to attain mesalamine loaded chitosan nanoparticles as a carrier ...
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Objective(s): Nanoparticles (NPs) are known for their specific accumulation in the inflamed tissues of the colon and thus allow a selective delivery to the site of inflammation with minimum adverse effects. The main objective of this work is to attain mesalamine loaded chitosan nanoparticles as a carrier for oral delivery. Methods: In this study, mesalamine loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using an ionic gelation method. Experimental design Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used for the optimization of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles size and gelation process of the polymeric nano-drug controlled release system depends on several variables including the concentration ratio of chitosan-TPP, concentration of mesalamine, concentration of chitosan solution and pH of the solution with optimum conditions of 2.3, 0.02 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml and 4.5, respectively. Results: The mean particle size of the synthesized nanoparticles was ranging from 53.9 to 322.8 nm using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. Moreover, the morphology of the prepared nanoparticles was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, characterization of the chitosan-mesalamine nanoparticles was performed by FT-IR spectrophotometer for specifying the chemical structure of nanoparticles molecules and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for studying thermal behavior. Drug release profile and the amount of the loaded drug were also monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Conclusions: Drug released showed that the release profile of mesalamine loaded nanoparticles was in a slow manner and no initial rapid release (burst effect) was illustrated.
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