nanomedicine
Roghayeh Norouzi; Sakineh Irani; Farzad Katiraee; Marzie Hejazy
Abstract
Objective(s): The Hyalomma species of ticks is hematophagous ectoparasites and responsible for transmission of protozoan, bacterial, rickettsial and viral infection in vertebrate animals and humans. Recently, nanobiotechnology is considered as a novel approach for the control of ticks. The aim of this ...
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Objective(s): The Hyalomma species of ticks is hematophagous ectoparasites and responsible for transmission of protozoan, bacterial, rickettsial and viral infection in vertebrate animals and humans. Recently, nanobiotechnology is considered as a novel approach for the control of ticks. The aim of this study is to evaluate acaricidal activity of nanocristobalite (nano-SiO2) against the Hyalomma spp. in vitro and to determine its toxicity by MTT assay.Methods: The acaricidal activities of the SiO2-NPs were evaluated at concentrations of 50, 125 and 250 mg/ml and controls (distilled water and Cypermethrin) at exposure times of 10, 30 and 60 min, were performed each with two replications and two spraying and contact methods. Then the toxicity of each concentration was evaluated by MTT assay. Mortality percentages and LC50 values were calculated. Data were analysed by Graph Pad Prism 5 software.Results: The results of this study revealed all concentrations of SiO2-NPs had acaricidal activity and concentration of 250 mg/ml of SiO2-NPs had the highest acaricidal effect (90%) at 60 min exposure time. The results showed that the spray method was more effective than the contact method and the results of MTT toxicity test showed that nano-SiO2 have very little toxicity in all concentrations. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values were obtained at 125 mg/ml in 60 min. Conclusions: The results indicated that SiO2-NPs contained potent acaricidal activity and might provide new acaricidal compounds for the effective control of Hyalomma spp. However, further investigations are needed to determine the efficacy of SiO2-NPs in vivo.
Elham Mohammadi; Seyed Meysam Amini; Seyed Hossein Mostafavi; Seyed Mohammad Amini
Abstract
With emerging drug resistance microorganism, the search for a new biocidal agent has begun. The silver nanoparticle is a synthetic material with potent antimicrobial activity that applies to a diverse library of microorganisms. But toxicity and safety concerns of chemically prepared silver nanoparticles ...
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With emerging drug resistance microorganism, the search for a new biocidal agent has begun. The silver nanoparticle is a synthetic material with potent antimicrobial activity that applies to a diverse library of microorganisms. But toxicity and safety concerns of chemically prepared silver nanoparticles toward human and environment limited the extensive industrial biomedical application of silver nanoparticles. On the other hand, curcumin is a natural phenolic compound of the Indian spice turmeric that contains mild antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms. However, instability, poor absorption and low solubility of curcumin prevent its wide application in biomedical researches. Simultaneous application of these two materials is the subject of the provided manuscript. Curcumin formulation and silver nanoparticles can be applied separately or together, but the state of the art is applying curcumin for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles that represent a better biocidal activity and lower cytotoxicity in comparison to chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles.
Maryam Zivari fard; Marjan Fatholahi; Morteza Abyadeh; Azam Bakhtiarian; Seyyedeh Elaheh Mousavi; Mojtaba Falahati
Abstract
Copper (II) oxide nanoparticle (CuO-NP) is extensively used in wide variety of industrial and biomedical applications. Reduced size of Copper oxide (CuO) particles from micron to nano scale caused superior physical characteristics on one side while making them cytotoxic on other side. Therefore there ...
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Copper (II) oxide nanoparticle (CuO-NP) is extensively used in wide variety of industrial and biomedical applications. Reduced size of Copper oxide (CuO) particles from micron to nano scale caused superior physical characteristics on one side while making them cytotoxic on other side. Therefore there is an urgent need to assess the toxicity of CuO NP. This study was aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of CuO-NPs exposure on peripheral blood cells (PBMCs). PBMCs were exposed to different concentration of CuO-NPs (0, 1, 10, 50, 100, 200 µg/ml), and cytotoxicity was investigated using MTT assay for cell viability, LDH Assay for cell membrane damage and Acridine orange/propidium iodide staining for cell apoptosis. Results of the present study showed that CuO-NPs exert concentration-dependent toxicity on peripheral blood cells. While low concentration of CuO-NPs (1 µ g / ml) did not affected cells viability, higher concentrations (≥10μg / ml) reduced cell viability (up to %27.01 for 200 μg / ml). Moreover, LDH leakage at ≥1μg / ml showed cells membrane damage and also cell apoptosis was observed. In conclusion results of the present study, showed the concentration-dependent toxicity of CuO-NPs on PBMCs.
Shirin Tavakoli; Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh; Emran Habibi; Pourya Biparva; Hamidreza Mohammadi; Afshin Zahedi Mazandarani; Soheil Vafaeinejad; Ali Ziar; Shahram Eslami
Abstract
Objective(s): The use of silver nanoparticles in the field of biomedicine is increasing day by day, but less attention has been paid to its toxicity. In this paper, the ability of the silver nanoparticles produced by a green synthesis procedure to protect the liver and its effects on liver function in ...
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Objective(s): The use of silver nanoparticles in the field of biomedicine is increasing day by day, but less attention has been paid to its toxicity. In this paper, the ability of the silver nanoparticles produced by a green synthesis procedure to protect the liver and its effects on liver function in male mice was investigated in a sub-chronic toxicity study. Methods: The silver nanoparticles functionalized the hydrolyzable tannin fraction of Myrtus communis (MC-AgNPs) were used for testing in vivo sub-chronic toxicity in mice model. The MC-AgNPs and Ag+ were intraperitoneally injected with different doses 5 times a week over 90 days. The biochemical, hematological factors were determined using an autoanalyzer following the routine procedures. In addition, histopathological test of liver tissue in laboratory mice were examined through haematoxylin & eosin staining. Results: The obtained results showed that liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) were decreased. The mean value ± standard deviation of white blood cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells and Hb were increased, while red blood cells and hemoglobin decreased. Histopathological investigations indicated no obvious effect on hepatic cyto-architecture in the group receiving silver nanoparticles (50 mg/kg), and mild inflammation in the port space. In the groups receiving silver nanoparticles (100 and 200 mg/kg), mild inflammation, and moderate inflammation were observed in the port space and pre portal, respectively. Conclusions: The findings indicated that AgNPs could be safe even for long-term use in a therapeutic period if hybridized with active biomolecules.
Raham Armand; Mohammad Kazem Koohi; Goodarz Sadeghi Hashjin; mehdi khodabande
Abstract
Objective(s): Iranian researchers have enriched conventional engine oil with nanoparticles at the Institute of Petroleum Research and hope that this product can replace conventional engine oil due to the improved effects of copper nanoparticles on oils. the purpose of this study was to investigate the ...
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Objective(s): Iranian researchers have enriched conventional engine oil with nanoparticles at the Institute of Petroleum Research and hope that this product can replace conventional engine oil due to the improved effects of copper nanoparticles on oils. the purpose of this study was to investigate the pathological effect of engine oil enriched with copper nanoparticles on the rat.Methods: In this study, 72 female rat were randomly divided into 8 experimental groups, and three treatment groups (repeated) oral doses of 2000 mg /kg and 5000 mg /kg engine oil containing and without copper nanoparticles in three treatment groups at 30 minutes, 4 hours and 24 hours.Results: In treatment group A and B, oral dose of 5000 mg/kg engine oil containing and without copper nanoparticles showed a significant positive correlation with lethality at 30 minutes, 4 hours and 24 hours. p
Saba Talesh; Mohammad Koohi; Ehsan Zayerzadeh; Jalal Hasan; Meisam Shabanian
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPS) have potential different applications in nanomedicine. These new applications of IONPS have raised exposure risk of this nanomaterials to humans. Up to now, all aspects of IONPS toxicity are not fully clear following animal’s exposure with these novel compounds. ...
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Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPS) have potential different applications in nanomedicine. These new applications of IONPS have raised exposure risk of this nanomaterials to humans. Up to now, all aspects of IONPS toxicity are not fully clear following animal’s exposure with these novel compounds. This study aimed to investigate the acute toxicity effects of IONPS in laboratory animals regarding pathotoxicological analysis and clinical aspects. Twenty four male Wistar rats were randomly chosen, and divided into four groups of six rats each. The first, second, and the third groups received 50, 500, and 5000 mg/kg of IONPS solution orally for five days through gavage, respectively. Animal mortality, clinical sings and body weight were evaluated during the study. Fourteen days after the last administration, rats were euthanized for further investigation for histopathological evaluation. There were no death observed in all groups. High and middle dose of the IONPS caused symptoms like lethargy, ataxia, anorexia, isolation, and respiratory arrhythmia over the period of the study. The subjects of the low dose group showed no signs of toxicity. Specific histopathological complications, like hyaline cast in the kidneys, hyperemia and interstitial thickening in the lungs, hemorrhage in the heart and hepatic degeneration in the liver were observed in high dose group. Thus, it can be concluded that, toxicity of IONPS in rats is dose-dependent. This particular size of IONPS can induce serious pathological abnormalities and clinical symptoms in high dose.
Raham Armand; Mohammad Kazem Koohi; Goodarz Sadeghi Hashjin; mehdi khodabande
Abstract
Abstract Objective(s): Copper nano particles are added to ordinary engine oil as an additive to reduce friction and repair damaged surface under friction conditions. However, it is still unclear what environmental effects such a compound might have on conventional engine oils and its toxicity in different ...
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Abstract Objective(s): Copper nano particles are added to ordinary engine oil as an additive to reduce friction and repair damaged surface under friction conditions. However, it is still unclear what environmental effects such a compound might have on conventional engine oils and its toxicity in different animal species has not been determined. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of short-term exposure of large amounts of nano sized particle-enriched engine oil to transcutaneous animal model on earthworms in order to evaluate its hazards in human contact. Methods: Screening test (filter paper contact test) involves applying earthworms on the paper to identify potentially toxic chemicals in the soil for earthworms, and artificial soil testing involves holding earthworms in samples of predefined and precise soil. In both tests a range of different concentrations is used. In artificial soil testing the results of loss is obtained 7 and 14 days after the experiment. In the flat paper test the losses are checked 24 and 48 hours or if required up to 72 hours later. Results: The lethality rate of the engine oil used at a concentration of 1.25 ml or higher was obtained from fresh engine oil containing nano-copper at ۲۴ Hours and ۴۸ was significantly higher (p <0.001). Conclusion: The toxicity of a new engine oil is higher than that of a new engine oil containing copper nanoparticles, but in the case of used engine oil, the toxicity of nano-oil is higher than that of conventional oil.
Pegah Haghighi; Solmaz Ghaffari; Sepideh Arbabi Bidgoli; Mahnaz Qomi; Setareh Haghighat
Abstract
Objective(s): In this work, Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were synthesized via high pressure homogenization method and their physicochemical properties, as well as cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities were evaluated.Methods: Ginkgo biloba extract SLNs (GBE-SLNs) ...
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Objective(s): In this work, Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were synthesized via high pressure homogenization method and their physicochemical properties, as well as cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities were evaluated.Methods: Ginkgo biloba extract SLNs (GBE-SLNs) were prepared using high pressure homogenization method. The morphology and size of SLNs were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The drug release of SLNs was also investigated using synthetic dialysis membrane. The antibacterial activity of nanoparticles was tested against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria strains. The probability of having toxicity of SLNs was studied on the rabbits.Results: The spherical structure of GBE-SLNs was confirmed by SEM images. The mean particle size of the obtained SLNs was ranging from 104 to 621 nm for different formulations using DLS technique. An in-vitro study of synthesized SLNs illustrated that the percentage of ginkgo biloba released from the solid lipid nanoparticles was 85% of loaded GBE after 72 hours. There was no report of significant skin toxicity via in-vivo studies.Conclusions: According to the above results, SLNs loaded with ginkgo extract showed acceptable particle size and shape, suitable loading of active substance and sustained release profile as well as appropriate antimicrobial effects without any significant skin toxicity.
Marzie Hejazy; Mohammad Kazem Koohi; Adele Bassiri Mohamad Pour; Davood Najafi
Abstract
The health effects of nanoparticles (NPs) are raising considerable and growing concerns from the public and government around the world. Nano-metals are new forms of metal with special properties, but are characterized by having a particle size of less than 100 nm. Copper is an essential trace element ...
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The health effects of nanoparticles (NPs) are raising considerable and growing concerns from the public and government around the world. Nano-metals are new forms of metal with special properties, but are characterized by having a particle size of less than 100 nm. Copper is an essential trace element and its deficiency leads to different diseases in humans. In general, copper NPs have been reported among the most toxic nanomaterials in mammals. The toxicity of nano-copper depends on sex. The increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) plays an important role in copper-induced organic dysfunction.In this review, we will not only summarize the tissues toxicology induced by nano-copper, but also we will discuss the functions of ROS and RNS in the pathogenesis and toxicity in different organs, DNA damage as a result of oxidative stress, changes in Blood biochemical indexes, and the mechanism of the nano-copper induced apoptosis.
Ehsan Zayerzadeh; Meisam Shabanian; Mohammad Kazem Koohi
Abstract
Objective(s): Due to wide range of medical applications as bactericidal agents, nanosilver particles (NSPs) are manufactured worldwide in large quantities. However, potential toxicity impacts of NSPs in humans and animals still remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate ...
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Objective(s): Due to wide range of medical applications as bactericidal agents, nanosilver particles (NSPs) are manufactured worldwide in large quantities. However, potential toxicity impacts of NSPs in humans and animals still remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate clinical observations, mortality and pathological changes in rats following intraperitoneal administration of different doses of NSPs.
Methods: In this study, rats were administered intraperitoneally over a period of 5 days with repeated doses at different dose levels (20, 80, 320 mg/kg) of NSPs (20 nm). Rats were euthanized 14 days after the treatment. Animal mortality, clinical sings, food intake and body weight were evaluated. Histopathology was performed on heart, lung, liver and kidneys of experimented animals.
Results: There was a significant decrease in the body weight of animals in high dose group following fourteen days of exposure. Also, there was significant decrease in food intake during the treatment period in high dose group. Histological tissue sections indicated that NSPs induced multi-organ pathological lesions including severe alveolar edema, hemorrhage and inflammation in lungs, myocytolysis, congestion and edema in heart, inflammation and congestion in kidney and liver.
Conclusions: The results obtained two weeks following intraperitoneal injection indicate that the administration of high doses of NSPs could induce histopathological complications in heart, lung, liver and kidneys in rats. No significant pathological effects were observed in low and intermediate doses. More toxicological investigations are needed in relation of the application of NSPs with their potential threat as a medical tool.
