@article { author = {Mohammad, Azeez and Singh, Sumer and Swain, Suryakanta}, title = {Cyclodextrins: Concept to applications, regulatory issues and challenges}, journal = {Nanomedicine Research Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {202-214}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2476-3489}, eissn = {2476-7123}, doi = {10.22034/nmrj.2020.03.001}, abstract = {Background: Solubility properties of drugs intensify a crucial role during the formulation development process. Aqueous solubility is one of the most significant factors concerning drug bioavailability analysis. Cyclodextrins [CDs] are supportive, competent excipients, required an ever-rising way to disguise unwanted pharmaceutical characteristics, exclusively poor aqueous solubility. Main Text: CDs are actively useful in medicinal industries for copious purposes, including improving drug solubility, safety, physicochemical stability, and bioavailability. Different solubility enhancement methods can resolve several approaches to trouble insolubility. Conclusions: Among all, the reported one complexation technique has been incorporated as one of the imperative and the exigent concept, to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. The standard CDs and their explicit derivatives are quite essential in enabling pharmaceutical excipients, which improve the aqueous solubility of poorly soluble drugs, raise the permeability of drugs through the biological membranes, and advances the drug dissolution rate and bioavailability. This review discusses some of the findings and broad applications of CDs and their derivatives in various drug delivery areas. This review also addresses the aspects regarding the new CD-based therapeutics, possible future uses and issues, and regulatory perspective in the modern scenario.}, keywords = {Phase solubility analysis,Complexation efficiency,Inclusion complexes,Regulatory challenges}, url = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46175.html}, eprint = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46175_5189953c31b40fc2662089ca0bcc418d.pdf} } @article { author = {Stephen, Sharon and Thomas, Toji}, title = {A Review on Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Employing Plants of Acanthaceae and its Bioactivities}, journal = {Nanomedicine Research Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {215-224}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2476-3489}, eissn = {2476-7123}, doi = {10.22034/nmrj.2020.03.002}, abstract = {Nanotechnology has immense number of applications in all contemporary fields of science. Silver nanoparticles form an important part of metal nanoparticles, with wider range of applications in diverse areas of science. Plant mediated green synthesized silver nanoparticles are usually preferred due to its advantages over other metal nanoparticles viz. non toxicity, lesser energy consumption, cost effectiveness and lesser pollution. Plants belonging to Acanthaceae family are medicinally as well as pharmacologically relevant. They contain many important phytochemicals, which can reduce, stabilize and act as capping agents in the nanoparticle synthesis. Various mechanisms to synthesize silver nanoparticles are explored here to analyse its formations in the most efficient method. Different phytochemicals with various functional groups assisting the formation of nanoparticles during green synthesis are also summarized here. The synthesized silver nanoparticles show effective antimicrobial properties along with many other potential bioactivities. The mechanisms of antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles are also assessed. Various bioactivity studies connected with green synthesized AgNPs comprising of antimicrobial, antifungal, biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, larvicidal, effect on Seed germination and growth are briefly outlined in this article.}, keywords = {Green synthesis,Antimicrobial activity,Nanotechnology,Phytochemicals,Biological activities}, url = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46176.html}, eprint = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46176_fa994671acc9e413848e252c4db4edb0.pdf} } @article { author = {Naeeji, Nikoo and Shahbazi, Yasser and Shavisi, Nassim}, title = {In vitro antimicrobial effect of basil seed mucilage-chitosan films containing Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil and MgO nanoparticles}, journal = {Nanomedicine Research Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {225-233}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2476-3489}, eissn = {2476-7123}, doi = {10.22034/nmrj.2020.03.003}, abstract = {Objective(s): Edible films and coatings are becoming increasingly important in food preservation applications to maintain quality and extend shelf-life in perishable foods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation at 0 and 5 KGy on in-vitro antimicrobial property of basil seed mucilage-chitosan films containing Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil (ZEO) and MgO nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis. Methods: The gamma irradiation doses for fabricated films were 0 and 5 kGy using a 60Co source with a dose rate of 4.18 kGy/h at the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (Tehran, Iran). The antimicrobial property of basil seed mucilage-chitosan films were evaluated using agar disk diffusion and broth micro-dilution assays. Results: The main chemical composition of ZEO were found to be carvacrol (65.22%), thymol (19.51%), ɣ-terpinene (4.63%), and p-cymene (4.86%). The highest antimicrobial activity was found for film containing ZEO 2% + MgO nanoparticles 0.2% with inhibition zone and log DP of 5-7.9 mm and -1.76 - -3.33, respectively. S. aureus was the most sensitive bacteria for the prepared films with inhibition zone and log DP of 5.4-7.9 mm and -0.41 - -3.34, respectively. A smooth, compact, and homogeneous surface without grainy and porous structure was observed in the pure films. MgO nanoparticles and ZEO completely incorporated in the film matrices. Conclusion: According to our results, it may be recommended that basil seed mucilage-chitosan films containing ZEO and MgO nanoparticles can be used for increasing shelf-life of stored food commodities.}, keywords = {Basil seed mucilage,Chitosan,Ziziphora clinopodioides,Mgo Nanoparticles}, url = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46177.html}, eprint = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46177_5297025f57ce8bca08f6522835c76368.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghanbariasad, Ali and Osanloo, Mahmoud}, title = {Development of two stable green nanoformulations with potent anticancer properties}, journal = {Nanomedicine Research Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {234-244}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2476-3489}, eissn = {2476-7123}, doi = {10.22034/nmrj.2020.03.004}, abstract = {Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death among women; thus, developing new drugs is crucial. Essential oils (EO)s with a wide range of bioactivities, such as anticancer effects, have provided a valuable source for this purpose. In this study, components of two medicinally important EOs were identified using GC-MS analysis. Moreover, antioxidant effects, as well as anti-cancer properties, were evaluated.The EOs formulated into nanoemulsion using the spontaneous emulsification approach, separately. Comprehensive stability tests were performed to select the optimum nanoemulsions of each EO. Anticancer effect of the most stable nanoemulsion of Zataria multiflora with a particle size of 43 ± 4 nm (PDI 0.4 ± 0.2 and SPAN 0.6 ± 0.1) was significantly better non-formulated form against four human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7, MDA-MB-175, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. Interestingly, the anticancer effect of Artemisia dracunculus nanoemulsion (16 ± 4 nm, 0.2 ± 0.1, and 0.4 ± 0.1) was also significantly improved in compassion to the essential oil. Considering the results, prepared nanoemulsions could be used as supplementary drugs or food additives.}, keywords = {Artemisia dracunculus,Zataria multiflora,Nanoemulsion,MCF-7,MDA-MB-175,MDA-MB-231,and MDA-MB-468}, url = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46178.html}, eprint = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46178_e7ad712ec3d867905640f47c7740a790.pdf} } @article { author = {Arun, Jagdish and Vodeti, Rajeshwar and Shrivastava, Birendra and Bakshi, Vasudha}, title = {Chemometric approach for developing nanostructured self-emulsifying drug delivery systems of rosuvastatin calcium containing a dietary lipid with improved biopharmaceutical performance}, journal = {Nanomedicine Research Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {245-255}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2476-3489}, eissn = {2476-7123}, doi = {10.22034/nmrj.2020.03.005}, abstract = {Objective(s): The present work deals with the development of nanostructured self-emulsifying delivery system of rosuvastatin calcium containing a dietary lipid by chemometry principles for improving the biopharmaceutical performance of the drug. Excipient screening was performed on the basis of solubility of drug and phase behaviour study using aqueous titration method. A blend of liquid lipids, emulgents and coemulgents were used as for preparing the self-emulsifying delivery systems of the drug. Methods: Optimal mixture design was adopted for systematic optimization of the composition of self-emulsifying formulations and evaluated for emulsification time, globule size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and in vitro drug release. In vitro drug release in simulated fluids, and in vivo pharmacokinetic in rats was performed for comparing the biopharmaceutical performance. Results: The optimized self-nanoemulsifying formulation contained 15% of lipid (isopropyl myristate), 75% of emulgent (Tween 20) and 10% of cosolvent (ethanol), which exhibited fast emulsification in 150 second, globule size of 68 nm, zeta potential of 27 mV and more than > 85% drug release within 30 minutes. Conclusions: Pharmacokinetic study in rats indicated 4.89 to 4.45-folds improvement in the values of AUC and Cmax, and 0.95-folds reduction in Tmax from the self-nanoemulsifying system vis-à-vis the pure drug. Overall, the developed nanolipidic formulation of rosuvastatin indicated superior efficacy in augmenting the drug dissolution and absorption performance.}, keywords = {Bioavailability,Nanoemulsion,Optimization,Experimental design,Pharmacokinetics}, url = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46179.html}, eprint = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46179_0e56339ffecb69211c8eb9c211737754.pdf} } @article { author = {alirezaie alavijeh, Ali and Rajabi, Milad and Barati, Farid and Javdani, Moosa and Karimi, Iraj and Barati, Mohammad and Moradian, Mohsen}, title = {Catgut enriched with CuSO4 nanoparticles as a surgical suture: Morphology, Antibacterial activity, Cytotoxicity and Tissue reaction}, journal = {Nanomedicine Research Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {256-264}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2476-3489}, eissn = {2476-7123}, doi = {10.22034/nmrj.2020.03.006}, abstract = {Catgut was enriched with copper sulfate nanoparticles (CSNPs@Catgut), in order to develop a new composited suture with antibacterial and healing properties. Introducing copper sulfate nanoparticles to catgut was performed using a reverse micro-emulsion technique. It is an interesting method because of easy handling and relatively low costs. In the revers micro-emulsion medium, nano-spherical structures containing the salt solution are created. The nano-spheres penetrate into catgut fibers and precipitate after drying to form the salt nanoparticles. The prepared CSNPs@Catgut was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XDR) technique, tensile strength, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity tests. XRD and SEM confirmed the CuSO4 nanoparticles formation and grafting on catgut surface. Antibacterial properties were illustrated by E. coli inhibition zone and CSNPs@Catgut showed a significant antibacterial activity compare with catgut. Results of cytotoxicity tests showed no difference between CSNPs@Catgut and catgut. The mechanical strength was improved and increased from 4.16 mm to 10.00 mm. Tissue reaction showed that necrosis and inflammatory cells were reduced from acute to subacute on day 14. Therefore, CSNPs@Catgut can be introduced as a reliable candidate for wound management.}, keywords = {Catgut suture,Copper sulfate,Micro-emulsion,nanoparticles,Wound healing}, url = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46180.html}, eprint = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46180_f7d1ba50f8d97f6f951bb58c6e186ad8.pdf} } @article { author = {Sadeghipour, Yasin and Alipour, Mohammad Hassan and Ghaderi Jafarbeigloo, Hamid Reza and Salahvarzi, Afsaneh and Mirzaii, Mehdi and Amani, Ali mohammad and Mosleh-shirazi, Sareh and Mehrabi, Mohsen}, title = {Evaluation antibacterial activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles by using extract of Euphorbia Pseudocactus Berger (Euphorbiaceae)}, journal = {Nanomedicine Research Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {265-275}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2476-3489}, eissn = {2476-7123}, doi = {10.22034/nmrj.2020.03.007}, abstract = {In the present study, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized by using Euphorbia Pseudocactus Berger (Euphorbiaceae) extract, which played the main role in the formation and stability of nanoparticles. The physic-chemical property of biosynthesized nanoparticles were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques. UV-Vis results illustrated that maximum plasma resonance absorption of Ag NPs are about 426 nm. Size distribution and spherical morphology was determined by TEM method. The XRD was confirmed face centered cubic (FCC) structure for synthesized nanoparticles.The molecular dynamics (MD) and monte carlo (MC) simulations were used to evaluate the nanoparticles .The antibacterial properties of biosynthesized Ag NPs were studied on E.coli (ATCC 25922), S. aureus (ATCC 2592), P. aeruginosa (ATCC27853) and E. faecalis (ATCC51299) by using micro dilution broth method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results of synthesized Ag NPs on S. aureus and E. faecalis obtained 4 and 8 μg/mL and P. aeruginosa and E. coli obtained 16 and 4 μg/mL. So, synthesized nanoparticles can be utilized as an antibacterial agent in medical and industrial devices and tools.}, keywords = {Silver nanoparticles,Euphorbia Pseudocactus Berger (Euphorbiaceae),Antibacterial,molecular dynamics}, url = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46181.html}, eprint = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46181_70445fbb19fd5ad8a40706c9417b2091.pdf} } @article { author = {Nahar, Kamrun and Yang, Deok-Chun and Rupa, Esrat and Khatun, Mst. Khodeza and Al-Reza, Sharif}, title = {Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Clerodendrum viscosum leaf extract and its antibacterial potential}, journal = {Nanomedicine Research Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {276-287}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2476-3489}, eissn = {2476-7123}, doi = {10.22034/nmrj.2020.03.008}, abstract = {Objective(s): Nanoparticles are at the leading edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have received considerable attention due to their attractive physical, chemical, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. This paper reports simple, cost effective and eco-friendly method for the preparation of Ag-NPs from leaf extracts of Clerodendrum viscosum using silver nitrate solution as the metal precursor. Methods: The synthesis of nanoparticles was done by using the aqueous solution of Clerodendrum viscosum leaf extract and AgNO3. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by the change of colour to dark brown due to the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. In addition, the antibacterial activity was tested by agar disc diffusion method against some bacteria.Results: The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by the presence of an absorption peak at 422 nm. The images of the electron microscope showed that the nanoparticles were spherical and had an average size about 56 nm at 25ºC and 53 nm at 60ºC. The X-ray diffraction was clearly proven that the nanoparticles were crystalline nature. The results of microbial test also indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles had significant antibacterial activity.Conclusions: This experiment showed that leaf extracts of Clerodendrum viscosum can be used for eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles, which also have potential antibacterial effect.}, keywords = {Eco-friendly Synthesis,Clerodendrum viscosum,Silver nanoparticles,Spectral Analysis,Antibacterial activity}, url = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46182.html}, eprint = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46182_c263b9c95db7166170c3d2cc1bbe2f72.pdf} } @article { author = {Tavakoli, Shirin and Ebrahimzadeh, Mohammad Ali and Habibi, Emran and Biparva, Pourya and Mohammadi, Hamidreza and Zahedi Mazandarani, Afshin and Vafaeinejad, Soheil and Ziar, Ali and Eslami, Shahram}, title = {Sub-chronic intraperitonealy toxicity assessments of modified silver nanoparticles capped coated Myrtus communis-derived the hydrolyzable tannins in a mice model}, journal = {Nanomedicine Research Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {288-297}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2476-3489}, eissn = {2476-7123}, doi = {10.22034/nmrj.2020.03.009}, abstract = {Objective(s): The use of silver nanoparticles in the field of biomedicine is increasing day by day, but less attention has been paid to its toxicity. In this paper, the ability of the silver nanoparticles produced by a green synthesis procedure to protect the liver and its effects on liver function in male mice was investigated in a sub-chronic toxicity study. Methods: The silver nanoparticles functionalized the hydrolyzable tannin fraction of Myrtus communis (MC-AgNPs) were used for testing in vivo sub-chronic toxicity in mice model. The MC-AgNPs and Ag+ were intraperitoneally injected with different doses 5 times a week over 90 days. The biochemical, hematological factors were determined using an autoanalyzer following the routine procedures. In addition, histopathological test of liver tissue in laboratory mice were examined through haematoxylin & eosin staining. Results: The obtained results showed that liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) were decreased. The mean value ± standard deviation of white blood cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells and Hb were increased, while red blood cells and hemoglobin decreased. Histopathological investigations indicated no obvious effect on hepatic cyto-architecture in the group receiving silver nanoparticles (50 mg/kg), and mild inflammation in the port space. In the groups receiving silver nanoparticles (100 and 200 mg/kg), mild inflammation, and moderate inflammation were observed in the port space and pre portal, respectively. Conclusions: The findings indicated that AgNPs could be safe even for long-term use in a therapeutic period if hybridized with active biomolecules.}, keywords = {Green synthesis,Silver Nanoparticle,Myrtus communis,Hydrolyzable Tannins,sub-chronic,Toxicity}, url = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46183.html}, eprint = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46183_ff8c4c4c0ee7b448f143f8edc481f9a3.pdf} } @article { author = {V P, Shilpa and B, Samuel Thavamani and E.R, Roshni and Vijayan U, Sangeetha and Panicker, Lekshmi MS and S, Bhagyasree and G, Jilsha and K, Muddukrishnaiah}, title = {Green synthesis Zinc Oxide nanoparticle using Allamanda cathartica leaf extract and their cytotoxic and antibacterial activity}, journal = {Nanomedicine Research Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {298-305}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2476-3489}, eissn = {2476-7123}, doi = {10.22034/nmrj.2020.03.010}, abstract = {< p>The Aim of this study is to examine the in vitro antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities of green synthesized Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using leaf aqueous extract of Allamanda cathartica (L). Zinc nitrate acts as a precursor and aqueous leaf extract chemical reducing agent. Green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles are verified by an analysis of the powder X-ray diffraction. The FTIR study indicates the presence of different functional groups in the leaf extract as well as in the ZnO nanoparticles. The UV absorption wavelength was measured at a high of 360 nm. The crystalline size, shape and surface morphology of ZnO nanoparticles are measured using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The EDAX spectrum conform that zinc and oxygen were present in the ZnO nanoparticles. Green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibited attractive antibacterial activity against clinical bacillus sp. The anticancer activity of ZnO nanoparticles is also tested against Human breast cancer MCF7 cell and were significantly reduced the proliferation of MCF7 cell comparison with the control cell viability.}, keywords = {Zinc oxide nanoparticles,Antibacterial,FE-SEM,Cytotoxicity,Allamanda cathartica}, url = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46184.html}, eprint = {https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_46184_7d0f22e3687baa2a863e01168970d888.pdf} }