Tehran University of Medical Sciences Nanomedicine Research Journal 2476-3489 11 1 2026 03 01 Nanotherapeutics and Psychopathology: Revolutionizing Mental Health Diagnosis and Treatment with Bioengineered Nanoplatforms 1 10 737689 10.22034/nmrj.2026.01.001 EN Abdul Amir H. Kadhum College of Medicine, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq Hoda Safa Department of Gastroenterology, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran Rosa Davallou Department of Neurology, Sayyad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of medical Siences, Gorgan, Iran Zahra Geramizadeh Faculty of Cognitive Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Grand Canyon University, Phoenix, AZ, USA Atabak Naiyeri Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Zeynab Tajeryan Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York, SUNY, at Buffalo, USA Leila Kosari Esfahani Department of Psychology, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran Journal Article 2025 12 26 This review evaluates how nanotherapeutics can improve the diagnosis and treatment of psychopathology by addressing limitations of conventional pharmacotherapy, such as poor blood–brain (BBB) barrier penetration and off-target effects in disorders like depression and schizophrenia. It summarizes key classes of nanoplatforms lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic, and hybrid systemsand their use in targeted brain delivery, controlled drug release, and modulation of pathways including neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, and neuroplasticity, with a particular focus on theranostic systems that combine imaging and therapy. The article also highlights nanoparticle-enabled biosensors and imaging agents for sensitive detection of neuropsychiatric biomarkers, alongside nanoformulations of psychotropic drugs, gene-based strategies, and neuromodulatory platforms that show promise in preclinical and early translational studies. Finally, it discusses major translational challenges safety, scalability, regulation, and ethical considerations and outlines future directions toward AI-assisted, personalized nanomedicine for mental health care. https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_737689_3ad6a8b2a94103015fc14bd4553b4376.pdf