Tehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34899420241201A review on the importance of standardization in nanotoxicology for promoting safe and sustainable nanotechnology: Benefits, challenges, and solutions33934772341210.22034/nmrj.2024.04.001ENEhsanZayerzadehFood Toxicology Research Group, Research Center of Food Technology and Agricultural Products, Standard Research Institute, Karaj, IranMohammad KazemKoohiDepartment of Basic sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250127The growing application of nanotechnology across different industries necessitates a comprehensive understanding of nanomaterial toxicity to ensure safety and sustainability. Despite its transformative potential, the unique properties of nanomaterials pose significant health and environmental risks, necessitating the emergence of nanotoxicology as a critical discipline. Nanotoxicology investigates the safety and impacts of nanomaterials, and its advancement depends heavily on the establishment of robust standardization practices. Standardization delivers multiple advantages, including global harmonization of safety protocols, enhanced reproducibility of toxicity studies, and facilitation of international trade by aligning regulatory frameworks. It fosters public trust by ensuring rigorous evaluation of nanoparticles and encourages innovation by providing predictable guidelines for developers. Moreover, standardized methodologies promote collaboration across disciplines and geographies, advancing research and enabling the sustainable integration of nanotechnology into diverse industries. However, several challenges impede progress, including the diverse nature of nanomaterials, complex biological interactions, and inconsistent regulatory frameworks. Additionally, the lack of standardized methods for long-term risk assessments and limited accessibility to advanced characterization tools present significant barriers. Overcoming these challenges requires interdisciplinary collaboration, investment in advanced testing and calibration techniques, and international cooperation to harmonize regulations. Ethical considerations and transparent stakeholder communication are also crucial to building public confidence. This review focuses on the benefits, challenges and solutions in the field of nanotoxicology standardization and calls for a concerted global effort to overcome barriers, setting a strong foundation for a safer and more sustainable nanotechnology future.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_723412_63b9b6c27b624c532d74a9bdac9f9c3e.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34899420241201Gestational diabetes and its effect on some biochemical parameters34835572341310.22034/nmrj.2024.04.002ENWasan Kh.AliDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Mosul, Iraq0009-0003-4464-8474Journal Article20250118Some pregnant women are at risk of developing gestational diabetes for many reasons, including being overweight, insulin resistance, women over 35 years old, women with polycystic ovary syndrome, or for other reasons. In this study, we studied the effect of gestational diabetes on some biochemical variables in the blood and amniotic fluid of pregnant women aged (15-45) years who visited the private Batool Teaching Hospital in Nineveh Governorate. The levels of glucose, total proteins, albumin, urea, creatinine, and some electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium were estimated in the serum of the pregnant woman and the amniotic fluid, where the results indicated a significant increase in the levels of glucose, total proteins, albumin, urea, creatinine, chloride, potassium, and sodium in the blood serum and amniotic fluid. There was a significant decrease in calcium levels compared to the control group.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_723413_a72a5547b6299596cd9f6ac42fe922e0.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34899420241201Development, Characterization and Bioactivity of PVA/VPA/Aloin Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications35637272341510.22034/nmrj.2024.04.003ENMonaRaeiDepartment of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMohammadShabaniDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranKazemParivarDepartment of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMohammadNajafiDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMahdiAdabiDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-7168-3705Journal Article20250125Objective(s): Nanofibrous scaffolds have been considered for biomedical applications due to their structural and functional versatility. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is frequently used in electrospinning, and its characteristics can be enhanced by adding substances. This study aimed to produce the fabrication of PVA-based nanofibers functionalized with vinyl phosphonic acid (VPA) and aloin as bioactive agents and evaluate their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological characteristics. <br />Methods: Nanofibrous scaffolds were produced through electrospinning using optimized conditions of voltage and distance. The scaffolds were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water contact angle measurements, tensile strength testing, and BET/BJH surface analysis. cell viability was assessed by using MTT assays. The influence of VPA (5%) and different aloin concentrations (3 mg and 6 mg) was systematically evaluated.<br />Results: SEM analysis confirmed that the optimized PVA/VPA (5%) nanofibers were smooth and bead-free, while the addition of aloin significantly altered fiber diameter. FTIR spectra validated the integration of VPA and aloin into the nanofibers. Measurements of the water contact angle indicated improved hydrophilicity. Mechanical testing revealed that VPA improved tensile strength, while aloin reduced it slightly at higher concentrations. BET/BJH analysis indicated that VPA increased porosity, whereas aloin's incorporation reduced porosity. MTT assays demonstrated enhanced cell viability with optimized aloin concentrations.<br />Conclusions: The PVA/VPA/Aloin nanofibrous scaffolds demonstrated adaptable properties ideal for biomedical uses, with VPA enhancing morphology, strength, and hydrophilicity, while aloin contributes bioactive effects dependent on its concentration. These scaffolds are promising for nanomedicine, tissue engineering and drug delivery.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_723415_a9d5dd4678dc462af4226ea735d0829a.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34899420241201Investigating the synthesis of tellurium nanoparticles and investigating its physicochemical and toxicological properties on fibroblast cells37338072341610.22034/nmrj.2024.04.004ENSeyed MohammadAminiRadiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6447-9872RezvanKakolvandMedical Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranShahramTaebDepartment of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IranHamidehValizadehCell therapy Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20241109In recent years, metal nanoparticles have become very important in biomedical research. Among them, tellurium nanoparticles have received less attention. However, these structures have many applications in the treatment of malignancies and infections. For this purpose, we investigated the important aspects of the synthesis of tellurium nanoparticles for biomedical knives. However, the hydrodynamic diameter of the particles was estimated to be 35 nm, while, the average size of tellurium nanoparticles was 18.3 ± 4.3 nm based on the evaluation of TEM micrographs. The synthesized nanoparticles have a quasi-crystalline structure and have a broad absorption peak in the region of 550 nm. Our investigation reveals that the suitable washing procedure for synthesized metalloid nanoparticles is crucial for their biomedical properties including antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effects on mouse fibroblast cells if the synthesis of nanoparticles in the environment contains different chemicals, such an assumption can be made for other synthesized nanoparticles as well.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_723416_9a5cb0086693eec84dddab623d4c859f.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34899420241201Chitosan-coated PDMS sponge supported Zn-MOFs: fabrication, characterization and assessment of their biocompatibility and antibacterial activity38139272341810.22034/nmrj.2024.04.005ENZeinabAnsari-AslDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranZahraShahvaliDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranRezaSacourbaraviDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranEsmaeilDarabpourDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranElhamHoveiziDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20241215Nanocomposite sponges composed of biocompatible polymers and inorganic materials have attracted much attention within various fields such as biomedicine, pharmaceutics, and food packaging. In this study, we have fabricated some novel nanocomposites with a combination of salt leaching for fabrication of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) sponge, in situ synthesis of Zn-based metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF), and dip coating process for coating Zn-MOF@PDMS sponge with chitosan. Chitosan stabilizes Zn-MOF particles and promotes the biocompatibility of the as-obtained composites. The surface morphology of PDMS and its nanocomposites was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction was conducted to study the microstructure of the prepared Chitosan@Zn-MOF@PDMS sponge. The nanocomposite sponge, Chitosan@Zn-MOF@PDMS, was also studied by elemental EDS mapping technique. The antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities of the as-prepared sponges were also evaluated. Chitosan and Zn-MOF improved the antibacterial properties of the PDMS sponges against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The Chitosan@Zn-MOF@PDMS sponge exhibited a remarkable decline in the amount of viable bacteria cells (> 4.5 log10 CFU). The obtained Biological results showed that the as-obtained scaffolds, Zn-MOF@PDMS and Chitosan@Zn-MOF@PDMS, had suitable surfaces for attachment of cells and proliferation compared to the pure PDMS scaffold. The Chitosan@Zn-MOF@PDMS sponge has the potential for antibacterial and tissue engineering purposes owing to their biocompatibility, porosity, and good mechanical stability. https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_723418_332da024e711cc1d5abd03899a5e5836.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34899420241201Preparation and evaluation of Zn2(BDC)2(DABCO) MOF-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite to remove tetracycline from aqueous solution39340172343410.22034/nmrj.2024.04.006ENZainabQutbiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranNegarMotakef-KazemiDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranEnsiehGhasemiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250120Objective(s): In recent years, porous materials have shown good potential for adsorption due to their high surface area. Among them, hydroxyapatite (HA) is important as an inorganic material. While metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention as hybrid materials consisting of organic and inorganic compounds with special properties<br />Methods: In this study, Zn2(BDC)2(DABCO) MOF-HA nanocomposite (NC) was prepared by solvothermal method with precursors that are: Zn = zinc acetate dehydrates, BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, and DABCO = 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane. This nanostructure was used to remove tetracycline drug from aqueous solution. Samples were characterized by Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy to evaluate functional groups, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of crystal structure, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) to determine morphology and size, BET analysis for measurement of surface area, and Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy to study drug adsorption. The effect of some important parameters on removal efficiency, such as drug concentration, nanocomposite amount, removal time and solution pH were studied. In order to reach best removal condition, the effect of the parameters and their interactions was optimized using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and the response surface methodology.<br />Results: The synthesis of Zn2(BDC)2(DABCO) MOF-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite was confirmed using identification methods. The functional groups, crystal structure and surface area were evaluated by FTIR, XRD and BET respectively. The nanoscale size was approved by FESEM. In the optimum condition, the removal efficiency more than 98% was obtained. <br />Conclusions: According to the results, MOF and its nanocomposite can be a good choice for tetracycline removal and have good potential for the development of different adsorbents.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_723434_528143bd4a013b3dc81b35df826e9b80.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34899420241201Synergistic Anticancer Effects of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticle (Al2O3NPs) Combined with Doxorubicin in Inhibiting SK-OV-3 Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation40241072345010.22034/nmrj.2024.04.007ENEhsanGhassemi BarghiDepartment of Health Information Management and Medical Informatics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJafarGholami GharabKimiagaran Salamat Gostar Pars Teb Company, Tehran, IranNasrinGhassemi BarghiKimiagaran Salamat Gostar Pars Teb Company, Tehran, IranToxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250125Ovarian cancer, particularly aggressive subtypes like SK-OV-3, remains a significant challenge due to limited treatment options, necessitating the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. Aluminum oxide nanoparticle (Al2O3NPs)<strong> </strong>have demonstrated potential in cancer therapy because of their unique properties, including enhanced drug delivery and cytotoxic effects. This study investigates the synergistic anticancer effects of aluminum nanoparticles combined with doxorubicin on SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cells. The effectiveness of the combination treatment was assessed by evaluating cell viability using the MTT assay. Oxidative stress was quantified by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels with the DCFH reagent, while lipid peroxidation (LPO) was analyzed by detecting malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The antioxidant capacity was measured by assessing glutathione (GSH) levels. The results indicated that the combination of Al2O3NPs and doxorubicin significantly reduced SK-OV-3 cell viability, suggesting potent anticancer effects. Additionally, the treatment induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased ROS production, elevated MDA levels, and decreased GSH levels. These findings demonstrate that aluminum nanoparticles, in combination with doxorubicin, exert a synergistic anticancer effect by promoting oxidative stress and inhibiting the proliferation of SK-OV-3 cells. These findings underscore the potential of Al2O3NPs as an effective therapeutic modality in ovarian cancer treatment, particularly for aggressive subtypes like SK-OV-3.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_723450_3c32fd736246e14872786f0371c52848.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34899420241201Calcium current block enhances the toxicity of CuO nanoparticles to motor and nuclear units of an in vivo single-cell model exposed to a static magnetic field41142372345210.22034/nmrj.2024.04.008ENHannanehMomenMSc student, Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, IranManizhehKaramiAssociate Prof., Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, IranNeurophysiology Research Center of Shahed University, Tehran, IranAbazarHajnorouziAssociate Prof., Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250212Objective(s): MgSO4, a calcium (Ca) channel blocker, can disrupt ionic homeostasis. However, its effect on the synergy of nanomaterials in static magnetic fields (SMF) with therapeutic use has not been investigated in an in vivo model. We used the blocker alone and with CuO nanoparticles (NPs) to investigate the synergy of SMF and NPs in living P. caudatum.<br />Methods: The experimental model was grown in straw and purified after serial cultivation. The pure environment was then divided into two groups. One group was exposed to SMF (0.061 mT) for 72 hours and the second group was exposed to natural, geostatic laboratory conditions. A sample of each group (0.1 mL) was treated with MgSO4 or/and CuO NPs (1, 3, 9 μg/μL) under a fixed objective lens (4x) for 25 times in 30 seconds with 5-second time interval. The control group received only 1 μL of distilled water. Sigmoid and avoidance movements of paramecia were counted. Trichocyst, macronucleus, pellicle, Ca channel and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activation were studied. All data were analysed using ANOVA (α = 0.05).<br />Results: No changes in Ca channel density or NOS activation were observed due to exposure of paramecia to MgSO4 alone. However, the movement of paramecia using MgSO4 with high doses of CuO NPs under SMF was reduced, and the pellicular and macronuclear units were destroyed, indicating increased toxicity of CuO NPs. <br />Conclusions: MgSO4 can affect the diamagnetic state of CuO NPs under SMF, thereby intensifying the non-protective effects of nanomaterials.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_723452_cf15b44b8dfc9374f4e778fc2f311f6f.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34899420241201The study of biocompatibility of electrospun polycaprolactone/gelatin scaffold containing double layer hydroxide nanoparticles on L929 mouse fibroblast cells42443172345410.22034/nmrj.2024.04.009ENMahsaMirzavandDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, IranTaherehForoutanDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, IranSeyedeh SaraShafieiDepartment of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250129Objective(s): Nanofibrous scaffolds provide an environment similar to the body's extracellular matrix for cells, which affects cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, and function. The present study aimed to investigate the biocompatibility properties of electrospun polycaprolactone-gelatin (PCL/Gel) scaffold containing layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles on mouse L929 fibroblast cells. <br />Methods: In this study, LDH nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method. A scaffold made of polycaprolactone and gelatin with 1% wt of optimized nanoclay was fabricated using electrospinning method. The synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated by XRD method and electron microscopy study. 2×104 L929 fibroblast cells were seeded on the scaffolds for 3 to 5 days. Then, different grades of ethanol were used to dehydrate the scaffolds. After drying the scaffolds, scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize and examine the fixed cells, and MTT test was used to evaluate the toxicity of the scaffolds.<br />Results: The results of the present study showed that with the addition of LDH reduced the fiber diameter and increased the biocompatibility of the scaffold after culturing mouse L929 fibroblast cells. Also, scanning electron microscope images indicated better interaction and proliferation of L929 cells on PCL/Gel/LDH compared to the PCL/Gel group.<br />Conclusions: Adding LDH to PCL/Gel nanofibers is effective on the adhesion and viability of cells.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_723454_31d64a4d850c833ee2bd2f7402cb9310.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34899420241201Investigation of Effective Parameters on Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Detection of Tetracycline Residues in Chicken Ham43243672345510.22034/nmrj.2024.04.010ENSomayehMohammadiDepartment of Food Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranRezvanMousavi NadushanDepartment of Food Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranKamranPooshang BagheriVenom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250315This study investigates the impact of key parameters, including aptamer concentration, aptamer incubation time, tetracycline (Tet) incubation time, pH, and temperature, on the peak current of an aptasensor designed for Tet detection. The aptasensor was developed by immobilizing a Tet aptamer onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) electrodeposited on an electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The integration of CNFs and AuNPs enhances the sensor's performance by increasing the surface area and improving conductivity. The results show that aptamer concentration, aptamer incubation time, incubation time of Tet, pH, and temperature affect the peak current of the aptasensor, demonstrating the importance as effective parameters in the preparation of biosensors.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_723455_af9c35c551771b590c3912065fe29ff5.pdf