Tehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34893320180901Selenium nanoparticles role in organ systems functionality and disorder1171243292210.22034/nmrj.2018.03.001ENSeyed Mohaamad AminiRadiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Medical Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6447-9872Vahid Pirhajati MahabadiNeuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20180823<span class="charoverride-23"><span>Extensive research on the nutritional and medical application of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) was performed in past decades. Besides nutritional values, new characteristics such as antibacterial and anticancer properties depict a bright future for high Selenium (Se) consumption in the coming years. Se is essential for the proper functioning of most of the major body organ systems meanwhile it could be highly toxic and even cancerous. The current knowledge of Se interaction with major organ systems functionality such as the central nervous system isn’t well studied and many physiological aspects aren’t clear to the science community. Meanwhile, various results were published on increasing organ system functionality through administrated SeNPs. So with the rapid entrance of SeNPs in the medical and nutritional industry, it may cause unintended complications. The intent of this review is to investigate current knowledge of SeNPs interaction with major body organ systems functionality. Investigated pharmacokinetic parameters of SeNPs was also reviewed.</span></span>https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_32922_aa339b00b827b9f1ef69d52ca6cd9716.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34893320180901Antimicrobial properties and permeability of Poly lactic Acid nanocomposite films containing Zinc Oxide1251323292310.22034/nmrj.2018.03.002ENMahya Shafiee NasabAgricultural Engineering-Food Sciences and Industries, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, IranMahsa TabariAgricultural Engineering-Food Sciences and Industries, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, IranJournal Article20180901<strong>Objective(s): </strong>Since microbial contamination can reduce the shelf life of the foodstuff and there is a potential for the growth of some pathogen microorganisms, films containing antimicrobial agents were produced, which are also biodegradable. In this study, the effect of 1, 3 and 5% nano-zinc oxide on antimicrobial properties and permeability of poly lactic acid film was investigated.
<strong>Material and methods:</strong> the sample was contaminated with standard strains of gram-negative (Escherichia <em>coli</em> –code of 1399 (ATCC 25992)) and bacteria gram-positive (Staphylococcus <em>aureus</em>–code of 1431 (ATCC 25923)) provided. Diameters of inhibition zones were measured after 24 h incubation of plates at 37 °C, by using Digital Caliper. Also, the permeability to water vapor according to ASTM E96 and oxygen standards according to ASTM D3985 standard was investigated from film surface.
<strong>Results:</strong> The study of antimicrobial properties of films on Escherichia <em>coli</em> and Staphylococcus <em>aureus</em> showed that all three percent of “ZnO” in this study had inhibitory effects and increased the percentage of nano-zinc oxide significantly (P <0.05) increased the inhibitory effects.In this test, the diameter of the control film inhibition zone was zero, which indicates that pure poly lactic acid films do not have antimicrobial activity (P > 0.05). In the study of Water Vapor Permeability (WVP), bio-composite films with 1% and 3% nano-zinc oxide showed a 19% water vapor Permeability enhancement compared to the pure poly-lactic acid. Moreover, adding 3% nano-zinc oxide had an impact on the reduction of permeability to oxygen.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Poly lactic acid films containing nano-zinc oxide have a high potential for antimicrobial food packaging applications to enhance the safety of food products.
https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_32923_01b13dc62698041458df796c56260c9c.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34893320180901Silk suture reinforced with Cefixime nanoparticles using polymer hydrogel (CFX@PVA); Preparation, Bacterial resistance and Mechanical properties1331393292110.22034/nmrj.2018.03.003ENAli Alirezaie AlavijehDepartment of Pathology, Medical Faculty, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMasoomeh DadpeyDepartment of Pathology, Medical Faculty, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMohammad BaratiDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, IranAfsaneh MolamirzaieDepartment of Biotechnology, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan Branch, Falavarjan, IranJournal Article20180724<strong>Objective(s)</strong>: The objective of the current study was to prevent surgical site infection (SSI) by creating a new antibacterial silk suture.
<strong>Methods</strong>: Cefixime trihydrate (CFX) was prepared as nanoparticles via mixing with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel by covalent cross-linkage. The mixture was stirred vigorously to obtain a homogenous gel. Under this condition the polymer chains separate CFX as nanoparticles and trap them (CFX@PVA). The enrichment of silk suture was performed by immersing it in the CFX@PVA solution. The trapped CFX nanoparticles in PVA hydrogel on the surface of sutures were confirmed by SEM. The effect of CFX@PVA silk sutures<strong> </strong>on tensile strength was analyzed, using a Santammachine<strong> </strong>controller. The antibacterial activity of the reinforced silk suture was tested on <em>E. coli</em> (ATCC25922) and <em>S. aureus</em> (ATCC25924).
<strong>Results: </strong>All antibacterial studies clearly showed that the use of novel CFX@PVA silk sutures<strong> </strong>could represent clinical advantages, in terms of prevention of resistant bacteria, such as <em>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)</em>, the same as the sensitive bacteria, for 15 days. The maximum elongation of composite before rupture, modulus and extension, showed statistically significant difference between reinforced silk sutures and untreated silk suture.<strong> </strong>No statistically significant difference was found between the Failure load, Stress, Bending and Energy.
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data indicate that CFX@ Silk sutures are capable of reducing the risk of SSIs, and has a good mechanical strength to keep the wound sides closed, during early healing recovery.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_32921_b17704fa8fa6a5123aa9ce5f20191858.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34893320180901PLA-SiO2 nanocomposite films: morphological and mechanical properties and specific end-use characteristics1401453292410.22034/nmrj.2018.03.004ENMohadeseh Famil ZirakDepartment of Agricultural Engineering-Food Sciences and Industries, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, IranMahsa TabariDepartment of Food Sciences and Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, IranJournal Article20180903<strong>Objective(s): </strong>Application of eco-friendly materials like poly lactic acid (PLA) is increasing, to reduce environmental pollutions. In this research, the effect of silicon dioxide 1%, 3% and 5% nanoparticles on morphological, mechanical and chemicals interaction (FTIR) of PLA film was studied.
<strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used, to consider morphological structure of nanocomposites. Mechanical characteristics of films, measurement of tensile strength, elongation at break point and Yong modulus also were considered by using tensile device and ASTM D 882. The FT-IR spectrum of films with PERKIN ELMER 1650, FT-IR spectrophotometer was recorded.
<strong>Results: </strong>Morphological evaluation of PLA composite strings shows desirable and steady distribution of nanoparticles for the sample with 1 percent weight of Silica volume and by increasing Silica contents from 1 to 5 percent, nanoparticles start to form mass. Comparison of average of tensile resistance, elongation at break point and Young modulus in pure PLA film with PLA film including 1% SiO<sub>2</sub> shows insignificance of average of these groups (P>0.05). In the consideration, FTIR shows proper distribution of nano-SiO<sub>2</sub> dioxide in film composites and connection is created and doesn’t have difference with pure PLA.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Performed considerations show that PLA films containing SiO<sub>2 </sub>have proper potential for application in packaging mechanically.
https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_32924_bb87623a2a1bb07fc2a70ddc9a89ef3a.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34893320180901Effects of silver nanoparticles on the functional tests of liver and its histological changes in adult male rats1461533292610.22034/nmrj.2018.03.005ENZohreh ParangDepartment of Physics, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, IranDavood MoghadamniaYoung Researchers and Elite Club, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20180923<strong>Objective(s):</strong> Silver nanoparticles show anti-fungal properties, and is widely used in medicine. In this research, the impacts of silver nanoparticles on the hepatic functional tests and changes in liver tissues in adult male rats were investigated.
<strong>Methods: </strong>In this experimental study, 28 adult male Wistar rats, each weighing approximately 180-220 g were divided into 4 groups of 7: the control group, and the experimental groups 1 and 2 received silver nanoparticles that were synthesized at 75 seconds interval with doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 14 days, respectively. Experimental group 3 received silver nanoparticles that were synthesized at 300 seconds interval with a dose of 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 14 days. At the end of experiment period, blood samples were obtained from their hearts, and serum levels of hepatic enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP), albumen and total protein were measured. In addition, possible histological changes in liver was studied after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan test.
<strong>Results:</strong> The findings reported that the mean serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total Protein and albumin in the experimental groups 1 and 3 increased significantly relative to the control group. Similarly, the mean serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the experimental group 3 increased significantly relative to the control group (P < 0.05). Also, necrosis of the liver tissue was observed in the recipients of silver nanoparticles.
<strong>Conclusions:</strong> The use of silver nanoparticles can boost the serum levels of hepatic enzymes and Increase liver tissue necrosis as well.
https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_32926_1024e0dcbb44a2e8944dc49bf3ed02be.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34893320180901Effect of TiO2 nano-particles on corrosion behavior of Co-Cr alloy coatings in simulated body fluid1541603292810.22034/nmrj.2018.03.006ENSoheil MahdaviResearch Center for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, IranSaeid Reza AllahkaramSchool of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMohsen AdabiYoung Researchers and Elite Club, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, IranJournal Article20181001Co-Cr and Co-Cr/nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> coatings were electrodeposited from Cr(III) based baths. The effect of TiO<sub>2 </sub>nano-particles incorporation on the morphology, structure, crystallite size, and preferred orientation was studied. Corrosion behavior of the composite coating was also investigated by means of polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques in Hanks’ simulated body fluid, and the results were compared to the unreinforced Co-Cr film. SEM micrographs revealed that the TiO<sub>2 </sub>nano-particles have been distributed uniformly within the Co-Cr matrix. Co-deposition of these particles insignificantly changed the nodular morphology of the Co-Cr film. Both the coatings had hcp-Co structure with the highest relative texture coefficient (RTC) for the (100) peak. According to the corrosion results, corrosion potential of the Co-Cr/TiO<sub>2</sub> was nobler than the Co-Cr film and its corrosion current density was about 0.75 of that for the unreinforced alloy coating. The charge transfer resistance of the Co-Cr coating in Hanks’ solution was increased from 73.6 to 127.9 kΩ cm<sup>2</sup> by incorporation of TiO<sub>2</sub> nano-particles. However, the double layer capacitance of the Co-Cr film was about 3 times higher than the Co-Cr/TiO<sub>2</sub> coating.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_32928_870fc27b9dd15b13e680aee082d24c1c.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34893320180901Polyethylene and Polyamide Covers Containing Silver Nanoparticles in Reduction of the Mince Microbial Load1611683292510.22034/nmrj.2018.03.007ENAlireza Monadi SefidanDepartment of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20180909<strong>Objective(s):</strong> The use of new technologies, which can be realized as nanotechnology, is a novel approach in this sector. Covers made of silver nanoparticles effectively prevent and reduce invasion of microorganisms, compared with other conventional covers. This study was conducted to determine the effects of nanosilver covers in comparison with other conventional covers.
<strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In order to measure the effect of antibacterial nano-covers, in comparison with other commonly used covers in packing food products, the direct contact of covers with food (in this study, mince mixture of sheep - calf) was used as control. Furthermore, the sample was contaminated with standard strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in specified time periods (zero, 24, 48 and 72 hours) was performed.
<strong>Findings:</strong> Despite the large number of Staphylococcus <em>aureus</em> colonies in meat tested as normal flora, except for one case, no other positive Staphylococcus <em>aureus</em> coagulase bacteria were either found or reported by confirmatory tests; however, the absence of even a colony of positive staphylococci coagulase, despite the manual infection of 2 sections from 7 sections, raised the possibility of the domination of Escherichia <em>coli</em>bacteria and prevention of the growth of Staphylococcus <em>aureus</em> bacteria in the broth.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nano-silver cover has been identified as the most efficient cover in reducing the microbial load and increasing the shelf life of mince.
https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_32925_7aa1f3c89adeeb55e1a1b42e0679878e.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34893320180901Investigation on the teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of nanozeolite on chick embryos model1691733292710.22034/nmrj.2018.03.008ENMarzie HejazyBasic Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-1789-2928Masoome MoradiPathobiologic Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranGhasem AkbariBasic Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranMohammad Rasool AminiFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20181001<strong>Objective(s):</strong> In veterinary medicine, zeolites are used as toxin binder in animal feed, ammonia purification of aquatic pools, animal smell and moisture control. This study investigated on the risk assessment of nano zeolite on development of embryonic chicken models, anomalies, tetratogenic and embryotoxic effects.
<strong>Methods: </strong>Eggs (120 = n) were accidentally divided into 4 groups. In the experimental groups, 0.3 ml of the solution of nanozeolite (5,50,100 mg/L) injected into egg albumin, The eggs were then incubated for 19 days at 60% humidity and 37.5 ° C. At the end of incubation time, the fetus and organs (liver, heart, brain, spleen) weight and congenital anomalies were investigated.
<strong>Results:</strong> The administration of nano-zeolite in chick embryos as a model for evaluating human embryonic damage showed teratogenic effects including deformity of legs and wings, liver and heart disformation at the doses of 50,100 mg/L. The embryo were smaller and significant morphological anomalous changes were observed. The comparison between the three experimental groups showed that the dose of 5 mg/L improved viability of chicken and showed increasing the dose of zeolite increases teratogenic effects and increased fetal mortality rate.
<strong>Conclusions:</strong> The teratogenic effects of nanozeolits on chick embryo should be considered in the risk assessment of nanoparticles on human embryo and fetous.
https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_32927_b7e280a45ccaa6f9411a812ff7619e0b.pdf