Tehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-348911220260601Nitrous Oxide Sedation in Pediatric Dental Practice: Current Status and Nanomedicine‑Based Prospects, A Narrative Review11512473402210.22034/nmrj.2026.02.001ENSeyyed HosseinHashemiDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranGhazalehBaniebrahimiDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranElhamMoshkbouyDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20260202Pediatric dental anxiety significantly compromises treatment cooperation and oral health outcomes, necessitating effective behavior management strategies in clinical practice. Nitrous oxide–oxygen inhalation sedation remains one of the most widely used pharmacological approaches in pediatric dentistry due to its rapid onset, titratability, anxiolytic and analgesic properties, and favorable safety profile. This review synthesizes current evidence regarding the scientific basis, clinical indications, contraindications, effectiveness, and safety considerations of nitrous oxide sedation in children. Available data support its role in improving patient cooperation, facilitating minimally to moderately invasive procedures, and reducing the need for general anesthesia in appropriately selected cases. Although adverse effects are generally mild and transient, appropriate patient selection, adherence to monitoring protocols, and compliance with established guidelines are essential to ensure safe practice. The review also discusses occupational and environmental considerations, current clinical limitations, and variability in patient response. Emerging adjunctive technologies, including virtual reality–based distraction, artificial intelligence–assisted monitoring, and advanced delivery systems, are highlighted as complementary strategies to enhance patient experience and procedural efficiency. Furthermore, the potential application of nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems is explored as a future direction for improving sedation precision and minimizing systemic exposure, although regulatory and long-term safety challenges remain. Integrating established sedation protocols with technological and nanomedical innovations may contribute to more individualized, effective, and safer management of pediatric dental anxiety.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_734022_ebea6c1cf32cad9c32a5425ff4096d2e.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-348911220260601Nanomedicine Enabled Prosthodontic Rehabilitation: Synergistic Roles of Dental Implants and Periodontal Surgery in Oral Tissue Engineering.12513274134010.22034/nmrj.2026.02.002ENZarafshanJafariDepartment of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranHamedTabatabaeiDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranNargesDamanpakDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMohammad HosseinJabbedariDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranMohammadrezaNamazikhahPrivate Practice, Dentist, Lux Smile Dental Clinic, Mashhad, IranAmirrezaPourseyediDepartment of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranRezaGhanaatian JobzariDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20260222Prosthodontic rehabilitation aims to restore oral function and aesthetics; however, long-term clinical success is often compromised by inadequate biomaterial integration, mechanical limitations of conventional prostheses, and the complex regenerative demands of oral tissues. Recent advances in nanomedicine and tissue engineering offer transformative strategies to overcome these challenges by enhancing biomaterial performance, promoting targeted therapeutic delivery, and facilitating biologically driven tissue regeneration. This review explores the synergistic integration of nanotechnology with dental implants and periodontal surgical strategies in the context of oral tissue engineering. Key developments in nano-engineered implant surfaces, bioactive and antibacterial coatings, nanostructured scaffolds, and controlled drug-delivery systems are discussed with emphasis on their roles in improving osseointegration, soft-tissue attachment, and periodontal regeneration. The review also highlights the incorporation of stem cells and growth-factor delivery through nanomaterials to mimic the native oral microenvironment and accelerate healing processes. In addition, current translational barriers including nanomaterial toxicity, manufacturing complexity, regulatory uncertainty, and variability in clinical outcomes are critically evaluated. By synthesizing recent biological, engineering, and clinical evidence, this review underscores the potential of nanomedicine-enabled prosthodontic rehabilitation to shift restorative dentistry toward precision-based, regenerative therapies. Continued interdisciplinary collaboration and standardized safety frameworks are essential to advance these technologies from experimental models to routine clinical practice and to realize their full potential in improving patient outcomes.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_741340_dddd7e318cd9733b55455ff468913d8d.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-348911220260601Intelligent Periodontics: Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Nanotechnology in Next-Generation Prosthetic Dentistry13314174139510.22034/nmrj.2026.02.003ENFatemehHaghverdiDepartment of General Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, Galata University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, TurkeyNushinSalehiDepartment of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranHastiFarokhniaDepartment of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, IranFaezehGandomi RouzbahaniDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranMohammad RezaChahardoliDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranMaryamMadaniDepartment of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranNafisehArmandDepartment of Prosthodontic, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranJournal Article20260603This review explores how combining artificial intelligence and nanotechnology can reshape periodontics and prosthetic dentistry by enabling more precise, predictive, and personalized care. It first outlines the conceptual foundations of intelligent periodontics, emphasizing data driven decision making, the shift from conventional to digital workflows, and the integration of AI into routine diagnostic and therapeutic processes. The paper then examines current AI applications in periodontal diagnosis, disease progression prediction, and prosthodontic workflows, highlighting improvements in imaging analysis, treatment planning, and prosthesis design. In parallel, it reviews nanotechnology based strategies for periodontal regeneration, implant surface modification, antimicrobial coatings, and targeted drug delivery, focusing on their contribution to enhanced tissue integration and long term clinical performance. The convergence section discusses AI assisted design and optimization of nanomaterials, smart and responsive nano systems, and data driven development of next generation implants and prostheses. Clinical translation challenges including nanotoxicity, data privacy, algorithmic bias, regulatory gaps, cost, and training needs are critically analyzed, alongside future trends such as nanorobotics, AI enabled precision prosthodontics, and IoT based smart oral devices. Overall, the review provides a structured framework for responsibly integrating AI and nanotechnology into modern periodontal and prosthetic practice, aiming to support more effective, safe, and patient centered dental care.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_741395_5eec9777f26129ecf276dd63735ae1ff.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-348911220260601Nanomedicine Driven Prosthodontics: Integrating Oral Implantology and Periodontal Surgery for Regenerative Dental Rehabilitation14215174139610.22034/nmrj.2026.02.004ENSeyed ElyasHoseini NasabDepartment of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranShimaFirouziDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, IranSamiRafieiSpecialist in Periodontology, Private Practice and Private Dental Clinics, Tehran, IranMaryamAlsadat NikooDepartment of Restorative of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IranHosseinMohammadiDepartment of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranFatemehNikooDepartment of Periothodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IranHamedHosseinalizadehDepartment of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20260224Nanomedicine driven prosthodontics is redefining regenerative dental rehabilitation by integrating nano engineered materials into oral implantology and periodontal surgery to achieve restorations that more closely mimic natural dentition in structure, function, and biology. This narrative review summarizes the fundamentals of nanomedicine in dentistry, including metallic, ceramic, polymeric, and hybrid nanomaterials that enhance osseointegration, promote periodontal and peri implant tissue regeneration, and provide antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects. It then examines nanoscale surface engineering of dental implants, nano enabled drug delivery and smart coatings, and nanofibrous membranes and nano enhanced bone grafts for guided tissue and bone regeneration, highlighting how these strategies support simultaneous or staged implant–periodontal surgical protocols within an integrated treatment framework. Emerging clinical evidence is discussed, indicating that nano modified implants and nano hydroxyapatite–based regenerative systems can improve hard and soft tissue outcomes, esthetics, and patient reported satisfaction, while also shortening healing times, although long term safety, durability, and cost effectiveness remain incompletely characterized. The review further addresses safety, regulatory, and translational challenges, including nanotoxicology, protein corona effects, fragmented regulatory pathways, manufacturing complexity, and the need for clinician training, which collectively constrain widespread adoption. Finally, future directions such as smart theranostic implants, nano enabled biosensing, AI assisted personalized planning, and 4D/biofabricated scaffolds are outlined as key avenues to translate nanomedicine driven prosthodontics into predictable, chairside clinical solutions that are safe, accessible, and patient centered.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_741396_3b30247406ed4a449467e1fb752b12b0.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-348911220260601AI-Driven Nanomedicine in Modern Dentistry: Emerging Paradigms Across Prosthodontics, Endodontics, and Orthodontics15216074139710.22034/nmrj.2026.02.005ENMehrnazMotieiDepartment of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranHadiMonzaviDepartment of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranIlyadGhaffarlouDepartment of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz Azad University, Tabriz, IranAilarJavaheripourDepartment of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranAfsanehNekoueiDepartment of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahr_e_Kord University of Medical Sciences, IranShaghayeghJamaliDepartment of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranFaezehMasoomiDepartment of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20260715The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and nanomedicine is redefining modern dentistry by enabling more precise, personalized, and minimally invasive care across prosthodontics, endodontics, and orthodontics. This review synthesizes recent advances in AI-driven design, characterization, and clinical translation of nano-engineered materials and devices for dental applications. It first outlines the fundamental concepts of dental nanomedicine and core AI methodologies including machine learning, deep learning, generative models, and inverse design used to optimize nanoparticle properties, nanocomposites, and functional coatings. The role of advanced imaging, spectroscopic, and biosensing techniques in generating high-quality datasets for AI models is then discussed. Subsequent sections examine specialty-specific applications, such as nanostructured and AI-optimized prosthodontic materials, antimicrobial and regenerative nanoplatforms in endodontics, and smart, low-friction, and sensor-augmented systems in orthodontics. Cross-cutting themes, including personalized and predictive dentistry, integration with digital workflows, regulatory and ethical considerations, and the impact of AI on scalability and quality control, are critically evaluated. Particular emphasis is placed on safety, nanotoxicology, long-term biocompatibility, and environmental implications of nanoparticle use in oral applications, highlighting the need for robust standards and “safe-by-design” and “eco-by-design” strategies. Overall, AI-driven nanomedicine holds substantial promise to transform diagnostic accuracy, therapeutic efficacy, and patient experience in dentistry, provided that technical innovation is matched by rigorous validation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and responsible governance.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_741397_6b715251c3ff13224c574c731ab844ab.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-348911220260601Optimization of Effective Parameters for an Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Detection of Ampicillin in Hot Dog Samples16116674139810.22034/nmrj.2026.02.006ENSomayehAyoughiDepartment of Food Science and Technology, NT. C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMohsenAdabiDepartment of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Ro. C., Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, IranKamranPooshang BagheriVenom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IranZahraBeigmohammadiDepartment of Food Science and Technology, NT. C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranZhalehKhoshkhooDepartment of Food Science and Technology, NT. C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20260814Aptamer-based electrochemical sensors offer a promising alternative to conventional chromatographic and immunoassay techniques for monitoring antibiotic residues in complex food matrices. In this work, an aptamer/AuNPs/ electrospun carbon nanofiber (ECNF) sensing platform was engineered and applied to the rapid determination of ampicillin (AMP) in homogenized hot dog samples. ECNF working electrodes were prepared from electrospun and carbonized polyacrylonitrile mats, followed by potentiostatic deposition of gold nanoparticles to enhance the electroactive surface area and provide suitable anchoring sites for a thiolate ssDNA aptamer specific for AMP. Systematic optimization of key experimental parameters, including HAuCl4 concentration, gold electrodeposition time, and electrolyte temperature, identified 10 mM HAuCl4, 45 s electrodeposition at -400 mV, and an electrolyte temperature of 30 °C as the optimal conditions, with 30°C providing the most favorable conditions for the signal-off response toward AMP. Under these optimized conditions, the aptasensor exhibited a pronounced and reproducible voltammetric response to AMP in a 20% (w/v) hot dog matrix, enabling sensitive detection of residues in this complex, protein- and fat-rich environment. The proposed sensing platform, based on a simple electrode fabrication procedure and straightforward sample preparation, demonstrates the feasibility of developing cost-effective, rapid screening tools for β‑lactam antibiotic residue analysis in processed meat products and underscores the critical role of parametric control in achieving reliable performance in real food samples.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_741398_48df2b38200a9773992407d8d2f00452.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-348911220260601Synthesis of Silibinin-Loaded Cellulose Nanocrystals Modified with Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) and Investigation of its Cytotoxic Effects on Mcf-7 Breast Cancer Cells16717674139910.22034/nmrj.2026.02.007ENNahidIraniDepartment of Biology, Ma.C., Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IranYasharGholitabar OmraniDepartment of Biology, Ma.C., Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IranMasoudHomayuni-TabriziDepartment of Biology, Ma.C., Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IranAliEs-haghiDepartment of Biology, Ma.C., Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-5292-6161Journal Article20251101Anticancer drug delivery remains a challenge of paramount importance in oncology. Recently, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) have been used to optimize drug dispersion and loading efficiency. The goal of this research is to modify CNC with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and loading silibinin into it, to deliver the silibinin to breast cancer cells. Nanoparticles were synthesized and its surface modify by CTAB then, silibinin was loaded into it. SIL-CNC-CTAB were analyzed using special techniques for nanoparticle analysis such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and zeta potential measurement. Anticancer effects were evaluated through the MTT assay. Apoptosis detection was evaluated by acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining. The obtain results showed a hydrodynamic diameter of NP was 335.65 nm with a poly dispersity index (PDI) of 0.35. Zeta potential of was -26.66±6.32 mV. Encapsulation efficiency determined 83.8% of silibinin loaded on CNC-CTAB. Breast cancer MCF-7 cells exposed to silibinin-loaded CTAB-modified CNCs revealed significant toxicity with an IC50 value of 107 µg/mL and promotion of apoptotic changes confirmed by AO/PI analysis. According to the data of the present study, silibinin-loaded CTAB-modified CNCs could prevent the progress and proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_741399_830429c229ddfb8131ef4680d1bc2dc9.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-348911220260601Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Rhamnus persica Induce Apoptosis and Transcriptional Changes in ECM-Associated Genes17718774140010.22034/nmrj.2026.02.008ENAmir MohammadBayatDepartment of Biology, ET.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMahsaKavousiDepartment of Biology, ET.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20251117Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive breast cancer subtypes and is associated with limited therapeutic options and poor clinical outcomes. The development of green nanotechnology-based delivery systems has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the biological performance of plant-derived bioactive compounds. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized from Rhamnus persica leaf extract using an environmentally friendly precipitation approach and characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and electron microscopy.<br>The biological activity of the synthesized AgNPs was investigated in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay, apoptotic cell death was quantified by Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry, and the transcriptional expression of apoptosis-related genes (Caspase-3 and Caspase-9) together with extracellular matrix-associated genes (MMP2 and MMP9) was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR.<br>Compared with the crude plant extract, R. persica-mediated AgNPs demonstrated markedly enhanced cytotoxic activity, yielding an IC₅₀ value of 9.45 μg/mL. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed a substantial increase in apoptotic cell populations following nanoparticle treatment, whereas only a limited proportion of cells underwent necrosis.<br>Gene expression analysis revealed significant transcriptional upregulation of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 accompanied by reduced expression of MMP2 and MMP9. Because these measurements were confined to mRNA expression, they should be interpreted as molecular findings and not as evidence of functional changes in cell migration or invasion. Collectively, these results indicate that biosynthesized R. persica AgNPs enhance the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of the plant extract against TNBC cells while providing preliminary molecular evidence to support future mechanistic and translational investigations.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_741400_0e8aa38004747000b5b100b3dbfee6f8.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-348911220260601Chloralhydrate Adsorption on the Surface of C8B6N6 Nanocluster: A DFT Outlook18819873801610.22034/nmrj.2026.02.009ENKhadijehDidehbanDepartment of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranShoiraIbatovaDepartment of Propaedeutics of Children's Diseases, Samarkand State Medical University, Uzbekistan0009-0003-2879-3241RustamTurakulovDepartment of Internal Medicine in Family Medicine, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan0000-0003-2204-2482MaxsudaTuxtayevaDepartment of Hygiene No.2, Bukhara State Medical Institute Abu Ali Ibn Sino, Bukhara, Uzbekistan0009-0001-4906-1563NasibaNasrulloyevaDepartment of Foreign Languages, University of Economics and Pedagogy, Karshi, UzbekistanAkramHosseinianDepartment of Engineering Science, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSarvinMohammadi-AghdamDepartment of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranSepidehHabibzadehDepartment of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-7545-0442Journal Article20260220In this study, the adsorption behavior of chloral hydrate (CH), a toxic sedative and potential environmental contaminant, on a C₈B₆N₆ fullerene-like nanocluster was systematically investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Geometry optimizations and frequency calculations were performed at the B3LYP/6-31G* level to explore structural, electronic, and thermodynamic properties in both gaseous and aqueous phases. Three adsorption configurations were analyzed to determine the most stable conformer. The calculated adsorption energies were negative for all configurations, confirming the feasibility of the adsorption process. Among them, the B-conformer exhibited the strongest interaction, with adsorption energies of −102.395 kJ/mol in vacuum and −52.510 kJ/mol in water. The relatively moderate adsorption energies (<150 kJ/mol), absence of bond formation in NBO analysis, and minimal structural distortion indicate that the interaction mechanism is predominantly physisorption. Thermodynamic analyses revealed negative ΔH_ad and ΔG_ad values across the temperature range of 298–318 K, confirming that the adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous, while lower temperatures favor stronger interactions. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in the band gap of C₈B₆N₆ upon CH adsorption (up to ~52% for the B-conformer), indicating enhanced electronic sensitivity and charge transfer capability. Additionally, adsorption reduced chemical hardness and increased electrophilicity, suggesting improved reactivity and sensing potential. These findings highlight the promising capability of C₈B₆N₆ nanoclusters for chloral hydrate adsorption and detection, offering valuable insights for the design of boron nitride-based nanomaterials in environmental remediation and sensor applications.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_738016_c22db26fd0e71114d3bf58ce8f53d943.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-348911220260601Eco-Friendly Extracellular Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using a Novel Bacillus Strain: Characterization and Potent Antibacterial Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens19920973421510.22034/nmrj.2026.02.010ENMohammadaliNahofteCellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranFatemehTohidiCellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranAbazarPournajafDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranInfectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health ResearchInstitute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranMehdiRajabniaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranInfectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health ResearchInstitute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranJournal Article20250712<strong>Objective(s): </strong>Biosynthesized nanoparticles have attracted significant attention in biomedical research due to their biocompatibility, natural origin, and potent antibacterial properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), in particular, are valued for their cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and strong antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to establish a sustainable and scalable extracellular green synthesis platform for AgNPs using Bacillus strains isolated from spring water.<br><strong>Methods:</strong> Eighteen Bacillus isolates were screened for their ability to reduce silver ions. The most efficient strain-mediated synthesis was optimized under 3 mM AgNO₃, pH 10, 37 °C, for 72 h. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses to assess morphology, size, crystallinity, surface charge, and biomolecular capping.<br><strong>Results:</strong> UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed a distinct surface plasmon resonance peak at 430 nm. SEM and DLS analyses confirmed well-dispersed, nearly spherical nanoparticles with diameters of 30–50 nm and high colloidal stability (zeta potential −34/9 mV). XRD patterns indicated a crystalline face-centered cubic structure, while FTIR spectra suggested biomolecular capping via amide and hydroxyl functional groups. The AgNPs demonstrated 98 % antibacterial inhibition at 10 mg/mL and MIC values of 0.5–1 mg/mL against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, comparable to gentamicin.<br><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study presents a rapid, reproducible, and eco-friendly extracellular biosynthesis of AgNPs using a novel Bacillus strain, highlighting its potential as a sustainable nanoplatform for combating multidrug-resistant pathogens in biomedical applications.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_734215_362f4ca5e9370791f84e3d06cbac1106.pdf