Tehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34895420201101Development and investigation of novel alginate-hyaluronic acid bone fillers using freeze drying technique for orthopedic field3063154798310.22034/nmrj.2020.04.001ENSepehr JamnezhadBiomedical Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, IranAzadeh AsefnejadBiomedical Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, IranMehdi MotififardDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranHassan YazdekhastiStudent Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranAmin KolooshaniMechanical Engineering Department, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, IranSaeed Saber-SamandariNew Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IranAmirsalar KhandanNew Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-8878-5233Journal Article20200904Cartilage tissue has a low cell population with a dense extracellular matrix (ECM) and is also devoid of neurons as well as blood and lymph vessels. Bone tissue is able to heal itself but in cases of serious damage and auxiliary treatment methods are necessary. Nevertheless, they have their own restrictions and downsides. Tissue engineering is working towards overcoming these challenges using 3D printing and freeze-drying technique. This research project aims to develop and study the properties of a freeze-dried antibacterial tissue based on alginate, hyaluronic acid and titanium dioxide nanoparticles using freeze drying technique. The mechanical evaluations showed that the addition of titanium dioxide improved tensile strength, hardness and wettability of the antibacterial nanocomposite scaffold. The biological assessments of the sample were evaluated in the simulated body fluid to stimulate the hard tissue reaction with biological environment. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The obtained results indicated that addition of titanium oxide nanoparticle improved the hyaluronic acid polymer for bone filler using for orthopedic applications. The XRD analysis did not detect the formation of any new unwanted chemicals in the composite samples. The microscopic assessments confirmed the formation of nanocomposite scaffold containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles, with a porosity percentage between 77% and 82%. The phase analysis confirmed the triploid amorphous structure showing a significant resemblance to natural human bone tissue, thus supporting the idea of using this biomaterial as a multilayer bone filler.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_47983_81547edc5fb6161abcbde82934dd67bc.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34895420201101Design and development of plumbagin loaded poly (ε -caprolactone) nanoparticles for improved cytotoxicity3163234798410.22034/nmrj.2020.04.002ENHarshad SKapareDr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India0000-0003-2991-7413Sarika RMetkarDr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India0000-0002-8257-9794Satish VShirolkarDr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, IndiaJournal Article20200908Poly (ε -caprolactone) nanoparticles were investigated as an injectable nanocarrier for the delivery of natural anticancer naphthoquinones plumbagin with the primary aim of improvement in its solubility, drug release profile and in vitro cytotoxicity. Plumbagin loaded polymeric nanoparticle system was fabricated by nanoprecipitation method and the composition was optimized using factorial design approach. Nanoparticles showed particle size and encapsulation efficiency of 186 ± 1 - 300 ± 3 nm and 65.00+ 1.50- 74.00+ 1.80% respectively. Optimization was carried out and optimized formulation showed sustained drug release over a period of 24 h. Total growth inhibition of cells in a designed time period (TGI) concentration was decreased by 56.95 % for PNP as compared to Plumbagin in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells indicates improved cytotoxicity of Plumbagin. The formulation development study proven that the developed PNP system exhibited improved solubility, sustained drug release, enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cell lines in comparison with Plumbagin. Thus the designed formulation approach can be further developed as novel carrier for plumbagin to enhance its biopharmaceutical propertieshttps://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_47984_8696a686f3306c0100203214b464f880.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34895420201101Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Loaded Poly (ε -caprolactone) Nanoparticles for Improved Anticancer Efficacy: Formulation Development, Characterization and in Vitro Cytotoxicity Study3243314798510.22034/nmrj.2020.04.003ENHarshad SKapareDepartment of Quality Assurance Techniques, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Erandwane , Pune, India.0000-0003-2991-7413Sathiyanarayanan LohidasanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Erandwane, Pune, India.0000-0001-9892-4794Arulmozhi SDepartment of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Erandwane, Pune, India.0000-0003-4015-5341Kakasaheb RMahadikDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Erandwane, Pune, India.0000-0001-7622-6899Journal Article20200801Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a active constituent of propolis and well known for its anticancer potential. The therapeutic efficacy of CAPE is limited with its poor water solubility and low bioavailability. In present study CAPE loaded Poly (ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles formulation (denoted as CPL) was designed and investigated to improve solubility, achieve sustained drug release and enhance anticancer efficacy. Formulation development, characterization and optimization were carried out by design of experiment approach. Developed formulations were evaluated in detail for nanoparticle characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity study. Developed nanoparticles showed particle size and encapsulation efficiency of 187 ± 2 - 220 ± 2 nm and 64.37+ 1.20- 74.80+ 1.45% respectively. Optimized formulation showed sustained drug release over a period of 36 h. Moreover, concentration of the drug needed for total growth inhibition of cells in a designed time period (TGI) was decreased by 40.87% for CPL as compared to CAPE in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and 23.73% in human colon cancer cells HT-29 indicating improved cytotoxicity of CAPE. The study proven that the developed CPL exhibited improved solubility, sustained drug release, enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines in comparison with pure CAPE. Thus the proposed system may be served as a useful tool for cancer treatment.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_47985_7637c0f444e383dedff469780f3890a4.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34895420201101The silver nanoparticles induce c-Fos expression in the central nucleus of amygdala that relief the aversive effect of naloxone in the morphine relied animal3323384798610.22034/nmrj.2020.04.004ENMahnaz RahimpourDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranManizheh KaramiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, IranAli Haeri RohaniDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200803Abstract<br />Background: Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) that are used daily in care service can enter the body and create free radicals. Despite the toxicity at high concentrations, these particles are non-toxic and useful at low concentrations. Thus, we investigated the effectiveness of nontoxic Ag-NPs to interfere with the aversive effect of naloxone (NLX) and low expression of c-Fos during testing of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. Methods: The Wistar rats (weighing 300-350 g) were cannulated bilaterally by stereotaxic apparatus for the CeA (AP= –2.12 mm; L= ±4.1 mm; V= 7.8 mm). CPP was conducted via a three-phase unbiased procedure. Morphine (0.5-7.5 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously (sc) during the conditioning phase. NLX (0.4 µg/rat) was given, intra-CeA, 10 min before the test. Ag-NPs (0.01 µg/rat) was administered prior to the antagonist. The control group received saline (1 µL/rat, intra-CeA). c-Fos expression was quantified immunohistochemically in rats subsequent the injections: Results: The CeA and hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) of rats that treated by NLX showed low c-Fos protein levels during testing, whereas levels of protein were high in the brains of morphine conditioned rats. Interestingly, both areas (CeA and CA1) showed similar increases in protein levels when the injection of NLX was combined with the Ag-NPs. However, these regions were not significantly different in the single Ag-NPs receiving and control groups. Conclusions: This indicates that the two regions interact with each other when NLX is injected and that in presence of Ag-NPs the protein levels are elevated in the regions.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_47986_c8a94c7a6c4282ff7e166eb7424651d8.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34895420201101Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Salvia officinalis extract: Structural characterization, cytotoxicity, antileishmanial and antimicrobial activity3393464798710.22034/nmrj.2020.04.005ENFatemeh SharifiResearch Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran0000-0003-1711-0540Fariba SharififarHerbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranSara SoltanianDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranMohsen DoostmohammadiPharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.Neda MohamadiHerbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-0928-2935Journal Article20200817Objective: This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity, antileishmanial and antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by (Salvia officinalis L. (Sage)) extract. <br />Methods: The green synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed by using UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and FESEM techniques. Cytotoxicity antileishmanial assay was evaluated by MTT. <br />Results: The UV–vis spectroscopy study at the band of 430 nm confirmed the formation of nanoparticles. FT-IR confirmed the presence of the ingredients in salvia leaf extract which is responsible for capping and reduction of the silver nanoparticles. FESEM report showed that the AgNPs synthesized were in the size range 30–70 nm. The AgNPs exhibited good cytotoxic activity against Hek-293, the breast cancer cell line (MCF 7) and a human glioblastoma cell line (A 172) with an IC50 value of 240, 50.40 and 58.60 µg/mL, respectively. The present study confirmed good antileishmanial activity against the promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania major in a dose-dependent manner. IC50 values of AgNPs were 62.91 and 73.89 μg/mL using promastigote and amastigotes assay respectively. AgNPs showed potent antibacterial activity against three bacteria species S. aureus, B. subtilis, and MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) at high concentrations. According to disk diffusion results, AgNPs at concentration 1000 µg/mL showed a significant inhibitory zone against S. aureus and B. subtilis. The AgNPs at a concentration higher than 750 µg/mL showed the valuable inhibitory zone against MRSA. <br />Conclusion: this study confirmed good cytotoxicity, and antileishmanial activity in the nanoparticles synthesized using S. officinal extract, so it can be further investigated for biomedical applications.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_47987_50f70ba1625008b98abe0ff3543323de.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34895420201101Preparation and characterization of O/W nanoemulsion with eucalyptus essential oil and study of in vitro antibacterial activity3473544798810.22034/nmrj.2020.04.006ENArun Dev SharmaPG Department of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College Jalandhar, Punjab, IndiaMohit DFarmahaPG Department of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College Jalandhar, Punjab, IndiaInderjeet DKaurPG Department of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College Jalandhar, Punjab, IndiaJournal Article20200824Objective(s): Eucalyptus oil is a typical essential oil used in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and drug industries having antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Eucalyptus oil is highly unsteady and hydrophobic under normal conditions, so easily lose its bactericidal activity. To protect this bioactive herbal product, nanoemulsion technology is an excellent way to micro-encapsulate and hydrophilize it. Due to special properties, oil-in-water (O/W) essential oil nanoemulsions are expanding day by day as a delivery system in food, cosmetic and agrochemical industries. The aim of the present study is to prepare eucalyptus oil based nanoemulsions, its characterization and in vitro evaluation of its antimicrobial activity. <br />Methods: O/W nanoemulsions were prepared by using eucalyptus essential oil in the presence of surfactants like tween 20, tween 80 and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Physiochemical parameters like pH, conductivity, optical density and antibacterial activity were studied. Stability of nanoemulsions was studied for 120 days. <br />Results: Nanoemulsions prepared with tween 20/80 and SDS were smaller in size than those prepared with tween 20/80. Formulated nanoemulsions were stable even after 120 days as no significant change in pH, conductivity, size of droplet was observed. Substantial in vitro antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis was observed with nanoemulsions prepared with tween 20 only. <br />Conclusion: The findings suggested that eucalyptus oil based nanoemulsions can be used as key drug carrier in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_47988_dc9f4b30652858343c6dc4066b074535.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34895420201101Excess iron ion reduction in a thalassemia model using silver nanoparticles modified by the tannin fraction of Myrtus communis extact3553634798910.22034/nmrj.2020.04.007ENShirin TavakoliPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran0000-0001-8016-6403Mohammad Ali EbrahimzadehPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran0000-0002-8769-9912Fatemeh SameniDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, IranPourya BiparvaDepartment of Basic Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran0000-0001-7832-8151Hamidreza MohammadiPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran0000-0002-7053-6850Ali ZiarPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranAfshin Zahedi MazandaraniDepartment of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran of University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranSoheil VafaeinejadPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Biology, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, IranShahram EslamiPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran0000-0003-3802-3622Journal Article20200827Objective(s): Nowadays, iron ions intoxication is the center of attention of interest in the management and treatment of thalassemia and different sorts of anemia associated with regular blood transfusions. Due to the major side effects of current drugs, they should be replaced with safer alternatives. Thus, in this study, functionalized hybrid silver nanoparticles, as an emerging perspective, were investigated for absorbing excess iron ions and their removal in an animal thalassemia model. Methods: The silver nanoparticles were green-synthesized using the Myrtus communis leaf methanolic extact (MC-AgNPs). The produced hybrid nano-Sorbents based on hydrolyzable tannin matrix loaded with silver nanoparticles were delivered for trying out in vivo iron chelation in thalassemia model mice in which iron-overload was imposed. MC-AgNPs and desferral were injected intraperitoneally four times a week for one month in mice with excess iron load. The total iron and Fe3+ content of serum was evaluated with the aid of plasma-atomic spectrometry microscopy and a Fe3+ ion measurement kit, respectively. Also, liver enzyme levels were evaluated by an auto-analyzer. Also, hepatic enzyme levels were appraised by using an auto-analyzer based the corresponding kits. Morphological transformations of the liver tissue were investigated by way of Prussian blue staining. Results: The mice treated with the MC-AgNPs demonstrated a significant reduction in serum iron content when compared with the iron-overload mice. MC-AgNPs revealed satisfying effectiveness to chelate excess iron in mice. Conclusions: This method could be considered as a competitive option for lowering the level of excess iron in vivo.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_47989_78cf791677b2ef94c9327c1a7094b964.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34895420201101The Investigation of the Cytotoxicity of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells3643684799010.22034/nmrj.2020.04.008ENMaryam Zivari FardDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Marjan FatholahiDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Morteza AbyadehDepartment of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranAzam BakhtiarianDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Seyyedeh Elaheh MousaviDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMojtaba FalahatiDepartment of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3961-3096Journal Article20200830Copper (II) oxide nanoparticle (CuO-NP) is extensively used in wide variety of industrial and biomedical applications. Reduced size of Copper oxide (CuO) particles from micron to nano scale caused superior physical characteristics on one side while making them cytotoxic on other side. Therefore there is an urgent need to assess the toxicity of CuO NP. This study was aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of CuO-NPs exposure on peripheral blood cells (PBMCs). PBMCs were exposed to different concentration of CuO-NPs (0, 1, 10, 50, 100, 200 µg/ml), and cytotoxicity was investigated using MTT assay for cell viability, LDH Assay for cell membrane damage and Acridine orange/propidium iodide staining for cell apoptosis. Results of the present study showed that CuO-NPs exert concentration-dependent toxicity on peripheral blood cells. While low concentration of CuO-NPs (1 µ g / ml) did not affected cells viability, higher concentrations (≥10μg / ml) reduced cell viability (up to %27.01 for 200 μg / ml). Moreover, LDH leakage at ≥1μg / ml showed cells membrane damage and also cell apoptosis was observed. In conclusion results of the present study, showed the concentration-dependent toxicity of CuO-NPs on PBMCs.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_47990_135f21b73fe37a428894d7e12f876c76.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34895420201101Bio efficacy, and photocatalytic activity of the silver nanoparticles synthesized from Cryptolepis buchanani leaf extract3693774799110.22034/nmrj.2020.04.009ENSudipta PanjaDepartment of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. – Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, PIN- 721152, IndiaAnutosh PatraDepartment of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. – Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, PIN- 721152, India0000-0001-7801-3555Kalyani KhanraDepartment of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. – Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, PIN- 721152, IndiaIndranil ChoudhuriDepartment of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. – Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, PIN- 721152, India0000-0002-3264-296XBikash RanjanPatiDepartment of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Medinipur, West Bengal, PIN - 721102, IndiaNandan BhattacharyyaDepartment of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. – Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, PIN- 721152, IndiaJournal Article20200901The objective of the study is to synthesis silver nanoparticles from the leaf extract of Cryptolepis buchanani, a medically important plant,by green synthesis method. The synthesized nanoparticles have an average size of 17.05±5.27 nm, crystalline in nature with face cantered cubic structure, and positive surface charge. The nanoparticles are biologically active. It killed > 90 % of HeLa cells at 25 μg mL-1 concentration in-vitro cell cytotoxicity assay, with a LD50 value of 3.98 μg mL-1. The nanoparticles are less effective on MCF-7 and HEK-293 cell line, almost 70 % of MCF-7 populations were survived at highest concentration of 25 μg mL-1. In case of HEK-293 it killed almost 78 % of cells at the same concentration with a 9.45 μg mL-1 LD50 value. The synthesized nanoparticle lysed less than 2.5 % of red blood cells at 10 μg mL-1 concentration in-vitro. The nanoparticles degraded >90 % of methylene blue dye in presence of light in 8.5 h. These properties of the synthesized nanoparticles are unique, and make it promising for its future potential applications.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_47991_a5b5210f2e1d111b862c55db5a57e179.pdfTehran University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Research Journal2476-34895420201101Effect of processing variables on the performance of electrochemical aptasensor for determination of aflatoxin M13783824799210.22034/nmrj.2020.04.010ENHamid Reza RahmaniDepartment of Food Science and Technolgy, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMohsen AdabiDepartment of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, IranKamran Pooshang BagheriVenom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran. Tehran, IranGiti KarimDepartment of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20201021A novel aptasensor based on electrospun carbon nanofiber (ECNF) mat modified with gold naoparticles (AuNPs) and aptamer was developed to detect aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in the milk. The electrospinning and heat treatment technique were firstly used to construct the ECNF mat electrode. Then, this platform was electrodeposited by AuNPs and immobilized with a thiol-modified single stranded DNA (ss-HSDNA). The effect of processing parameters such as concentration of HAuCl4 and ss-HSDNA in the electrolyte, incubation time of aptamer and AFM1, pH and temperature of the electrolyte on the performance of aptasensor was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments in the [Fe(CN)6]-3/-4 solution. The results showed that the optimum concentration of HAuCl4 in the electrolyte was 4mM. An increment in ss-HSDNA aptamer of electrolyte led to improvement of the electrochemical current response. Furthermore, the peak currents of CV enhanced with increasing incubation time of aptamer or AFM1. By increasing temperature of the electrolyte, the CV peak currents increased and then decreased. This trend was also observed in pH of electrolyte.https://www.nanomedicine-rj.com/article_47992_a26648ea0ff07eb0a484c4ea6e4a131e.pdf