Review Paper
Naseem Shoba Banu S.P.; Shoba Narayan
Abstract
When a natural or synthetic material is used to replace a living structure or becomes a part of a biomedical device, it is termed as a biomaterial. The utility of biomaterials has expanded to areas of tissue, blood, biological fluids etc. Replacement and repair of skeletal parts is one of the major areas ...
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When a natural or synthetic material is used to replace a living structure or becomes a part of a biomedical device, it is termed as a biomaterial. The utility of biomaterials has expanded to areas of tissue, blood, biological fluids etc. Replacement and repair of skeletal parts is one of the major areas of application of biomaterials. This review article focuses its attention on the use of biopolymers based nanocarriers for delivering immunomodulatory agents. The role of biopolymers is to modulate, suppress and stimulate innate or adaptive immune system. Based on the data available, nanoparticles can direct the immune system by improving cellular uptake efficiency and modulating the immune system. Nutrients and trace elements such as Se, Mg, etc., can boost the immune system. Plant derived immunomodulators are known and nanosystems find applications as a carrier system for immunomodulatory drugs. This review details the various nanocarriers and the factors affecting the immunomodulation of nanoparticles.
Original Research Article
Alireza Valizadeh; Abbas Abdollahi; Negar Ranjbar; Hamid Reza Kelidari; Hassan Sereshti; Mahmoud Osanloo
Abstract
Wound healing is a complicated process that is affected by physiological and environmental conditions. An antibacterial agent and a physical supporter as wound dressing improve wound healing time and process. In this study, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing Mentha longifolia, Mentha pulegium, ...
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Wound healing is a complicated process that is affected by physiological and environmental conditions. An antibacterial agent and a physical supporter as wound dressing improve wound healing time and process. In this study, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing Mentha longifolia, Mentha pulegium, and Zataria multiflora essential oils with a particle size of 103±5, 195±4, and 130±7 nm were first prepared, and they were then transformed to gels. After that, scaffolds of electrospun polycaprolactone-alginate nanofibers (165±37 nm) were prepared. Chemical properties, surface hydrophilicity, and size and morphology of scaffolds were investigated using ATR-FTIR, contact angel, and SEM analyses. The gels were physically impregnated at two different amounts on the scaffolds, and antibacterial effects at 2, 6, and 24 h of incubation times were determined using the ATCC100 method. Impregnated scaffold with SLNs gel containing Z. multiflora essential oil showed higher antibacterial activity against all standard and clinical bacterial strains at incubation times. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus decreased by more than 90% in all incubation times. Besides, more than 60% reduction in the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed after 24 h incubation time. As high potency and green constituents of the prepared prototype, it could be considered for clinical trials.
Original Research Article
Wagner J. Fávaro; Renata A., Villela; Helder J. Ceragioli; Nelson Duran
Abstract
Aim: The use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) as diagnostic tools for bladder cancer associate to histopathology analysis.Material and Methods: FTIR imagens of normal and bladder cancer tissues in rats o Brucker model V 70 spectrophotometer equipped with the MCT detector (Mercury Cadmium ...
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Aim: The use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) as diagnostic tools for bladder cancer associate to histopathology analysis.Material and Methods: FTIR imagens of normal and bladder cancer tissues in rats o Brucker model V 70 spectrophotometer equipped with the MCT detector (Mercury Cadmium Telluride), under attenuated total reflectance (ATR). Histopathology analysis of rat tissues and comparison of diagnostics in both methods.Results: All the spectroscopic parameters analyzed showing that the progress of cancer treatment were consistent with the histopathological analyses. The ratio of FTIR bands intensity of protein/lipid (I1633/I1743) was highly increased (ratio of 3.33) in the cancer tissues compared with normal one (ratio of 1.22). After treatment with DOX-CIS-rGO nanocarrier a value of protein/lipid ratio was 1.38.Conclusion: All data of the ATR-FTIR imagens will be important tools for the most complex and expensive histopathological analysis. The ATR-FTIR diagnosis will be an important data in the final decision related to progress in the chemotherapeutic treatment. Of course, the fast analysis by ATR-FTIR methodology compared to histopathology could be an important support for monitoring all these studies.
Original Research Article
Haneen K. Thawini; ALI A AL-SHAWI
Abstract
Objective:Ziziphus spina-Christi is a Ziziphus genus, and its extracts have been tested for antimicrobial, antifungal, and antitumor properties. A polysaccharide and its silver nanoparticle from the Ziziphus spina-Christi plant have not yet been tested for their ability to fight liver cancer. Methods:Using ...
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Objective:Ziziphus spina-Christi is a Ziziphus genus, and its extracts have been tested for antimicrobial, antifungal, and antitumor properties. A polysaccharide and its silver nanoparticle from the Ziziphus spina-Christi plant have not yet been tested for their ability to fight liver cancer. Methods:Using a microwave-assisted extraction method, we extracted polysaccharide from the leaves and synthesized silver nanoparticles. The polysaccharide amount, availability, and nanoparticle properties were investigated using the phenol-sulfuric acid process, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and XRD. The anticancer activity of crude polysaccharide and its polysaccharide coated AgNPs were investigated using the HepG2 cancer cells,MTT assay, cell morphology, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis. Results:The existence of predominantly spherical shapes and various sizes (24.10, 29.77, 31.63, 47.7, 56, and 71.5) nm polysaccharide coated AgNPs was confirmed by SEM and TEM analysis. Using the Debye-Scherrer formula, XRD analysis revealed six peaks corresponding to the crystalline size (D value) of AgNPs. Polysaccharide-coated AgNPs outperformed raw polysaccharide against HepG2 cancer cells. Polysaccharide had an IC50 of 1.5 mg/ml in the MTT assay, while polysaccharide coated AgNPs had an IC50 of 0.705 mg/ml. Raw polysaccharide arrested cells in the S process, while polysaccharide coated AgNPs arrested cells in the G1 phase, according to flow cytometry study. Furthermore, raw polysaccharide late apoptosis was lower than late apoptosis of nanoparticles induced by reactive oxygen species. Conclusion:The findings indicated that polysaccharide coated AgNPs derived from Ziziphus spina-Christi polysaccharide could be developed as an anticancer agent against liver cancer and that further research for potential applications is warranted
Original Research Article
Mojgan Sheikhpour; Hengameh Jannati; Seyed Davar Siadat; Parvaneh Safarian
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a gram-positive bacterium, which has been considered an important nosocomial pathogen worldwide, owing to its increasing antibiotic resistance. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) made entirely of carbon atoms, through their unique properties, hold great promise in ...
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Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a gram-positive bacterium, which has been considered an important nosocomial pathogen worldwide, owing to its increasing antibiotic resistance. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) made entirely of carbon atoms, through their unique properties, hold great promise in the fight against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Aim: In this study, antimicrobial activity and drug delivery ability of Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanofluid (F-MWCNTsN) on S. aureus were studied. Methods: MWCNTs were provided from the United States Research and were functionalized with the COOH group, and the nanofluid was prepared. After bacterial treatment with F-MWCNTsN at the concentration range of %0.1 to %1, the bacterial growth was investigated by the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) method. Then, the TetM and TetO gene expression studies for evaluating the drug delivery ability of the Nanofluid containing F-MWCNTs were done. Results: The results showed that functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes could have antimicrobial effects on S. aureus. Also, by using nanofluid-containing functionalized carbon nanotubes, the researchers could overcome the antibiotic resistance of the photogenic strain of S. aureus. Conclusion: This study is successful in vitro research and a new approach to Nano drug therapy and delivery to antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, S. aureus, which causes a wide range of nosocomial infections.
Original Research Article
Kiranmayee Pamidimukkala; Prabhudas N.; Nandini H.S.; Kutty A.V.M.
Abstract
AbstractGreen based nanoparticles were synthesized to investigate the cytotoxic effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Nanoparticles were made by mixing using aqueous Allamanda cathartica L. latex (3%) and magnesium oxide (1mM) at 370C on shaker for 24 hours. The developed nanoparticles ...
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AbstractGreen based nanoparticles were synthesized to investigate the cytotoxic effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Nanoparticles were made by mixing using aqueous Allamanda cathartica L. latex (3%) and magnesium oxide (1mM) at 370C on shaker for 24 hours. The developed nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transmission Infra-Red, Zeta potential and X-ray diffraction. in vitro hPBMCs were tested in vitro with different concentrations of synthesized nanoparticles and found maximum concentration at that 100 µg/mL showed about 96% dead cells from trypan blue dye exclusion method. Though controlling the proliferation of cells, the nanoparticles did not exhibit any genotoxicity, indicating that the nanoparticles showed their effect on periphery of the cells, broke them that led to the death of cells. This is the first report of green route development of MgO nanoparticles using the latex of Allamanda cathartica L. and finding their efficacy on hPBMCs. Further analysis is required to confirm their use as therapeutics in leukemia.
Original Research Article
Zahra Shajari; Abolfazl Golestani; Azin Nowrouzi
Abstract
Purpose :To address cellular response to nanosized particles, we designed in vitro cytotoxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticle was assessed on hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2) with novel UVA exposure. Methods:Cellular morphology, cell viability, and membrane leakage of lactate dehydrogenase were ...
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Purpose :To address cellular response to nanosized particles, we designed in vitro cytotoxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticle was assessed on hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2) with novel UVA exposure. Methods:Cellular morphology, cell viability, and membrane leakage of lactate dehydrogenase were used to evaluate the acute cytotoxic effect of TiO2 after 24 hours of exposure. To determine the chronic exposure effects, Hepatocarcinoma cell lines were treated with 125 and 250ppm of TiO2 in 4 consecutive passages lasting 25days. Results:Obvious changes in cellular morphology like cell shrinkage and rounded appearance and cytoplasm granulation was observed at 2500ppm and higher concentration.Cell count decreased during four passages, while cellular oxidative responses such as nitric oxide production, and membrane lipid peroxidation, and total cell protein showed significant increases compared with controls.Conclusion:These results suggest that chronic exposure even to the safe doses of nanosized particles can stimulate cellular oxidative and inflammatory responses.
Original Research Article
Shilapa V P; Wilson Vilgeena; Bhagyasree S; E Alby Babu; Davis Nidhina; Kurup Meena; Muddukrishnaiah K
Abstract
Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using medicinal plant extract treated to environmentally friendly, stable, cost-effective. Present work to study In-vitro antioxidant and cytotoxicity of green synthesised CuNPs using P. Pellucida plant extract. Copper nanoparticles were synthesised biogenically ...
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Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using medicinal plant extract treated to environmentally friendly, stable, cost-effective. Present work to study In-vitro antioxidant and cytotoxicity of green synthesised CuNPs using P. Pellucida plant extract. Copper nanoparticles were synthesised biogenically using P. Pellucida plant aqueous extract. CuNPs Characterised by using FE-SEM, U.V., FT-IR, EDAX. Biogenically synthesised copper nanoparticles conducted in-vitro Antioxidant (DPPH) and cytotoxicity (SK-MEL-3 cell). The results CuNPs were characterised by using U.V. spectroscopy absorbance 575 nm. Scanning electronic microscope showing the distribution and shape (5-20 nm) of the nanoparticles. X-ray spectrum showed different peaks for CuNPs detected at 2θ values 35.45°, 44.32°, and 65.25°. EDAX elemental spectroscopy conformed to the copper metal inside the nanoparticle (69.7%). The synthesised CuNPs showed good free radical scavenger activity than the ascorbic acid, and it also showed significant cytotoxicity (16μg/mL) against human skin cell lines (SK-MEL-3 cell). The current study conclusion recommended that green synthesised (P. Pellucida) CuNPs be used for therapeutic application.
Original Research Article
Fereshte Haftan; Negar Motakef-Kazemi
Abstract
Objective(s): Copper (Cu) is a very strong poison metal in the environment. Therefore, copper sorbent can be of great help to the medical field. Metal organic framework (MOF) has attracted considerable attention as sorbent because of high porosity and surface area. In this work, MOF-5 is one of zinc-based ...
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Objective(s): Copper (Cu) is a very strong poison metal in the environment. Therefore, copper sorbent can be of great help to the medical field. Metal organic framework (MOF) has attracted considerable attention as sorbent because of high porosity and surface area. In this work, MOF-5 is one of zinc-based metal–organic framework was used for copper absorption from aqueous solution. Then, polyurethane (PU) nanocomposite was modified with MOF-5 by press method as copper sorbent.Methods: The samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), BET surface area, and Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The effect of amount and concentration were investigated on adsorption of copper in water solution. Based on the results, MOF-5 and its polyurethane nanocomposite were demonstrated the potential utility for copper removal from water solution.Results: FESEM results confirmed that the samples are in nano scale. The copper absorption was approved by UV–Vis spectroscopy and BET surface area. The absorption value was increased by increase of amount and concentration.Conclusions: This work focuses on preparing an efficient copper sorbent based on MOF-5 and its PU nanocomposite. MOF-5 is composed of zinc metal and benzene 1,4-dicarboxylic acid with the formula Zn4O(BDC)3 as good candidate for adsorption of copper from aqueous solution. The results indicate that this nanocomposite can have a good potential to develop environmental applications.
Original Research Article
Vipul A Sansare; Manish Kumar Gupta; Birendra Shrivastava; Santosh Jadhav
Abstract
Objective(s): Liver diseases affect millions of people worldwide, which are difficult to treat with conventional drug delivery. Numerous drugs have been investigated for treatment of diseases associated with liver however correct drug delivery system need to be find for delivery of drugs. Sesamol is ...
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Objective(s): Liver diseases affect millions of people worldwide, which are difficult to treat with conventional drug delivery. Numerous drugs have been investigated for treatment of diseases associated with liver however correct drug delivery system need to be find for delivery of drugs. Sesamol is a well-recognized antioxidant phytoactive found in sesame oil has reported to scavenge hydroxyl radical. However unfavorable physicochemical properties limits its use as effective therapeutic agent. Thus present study was started with aim to fabricate sesamol loaded polymeric nanoparticles to minimize limitations associated with conventional delivery of sesamol. Methods: Drug encapsulated nanoparticles were formulated using solvent evaporation ultrasonication technique. The selected technique was found to be effective for preparation of nano sized particles with good physicochemical properties. The formulated nanoparticles were evaluated with respect to physicochemical properties and in vivo hepatoprotective potential. Results: The drug loaded nanoparticles revealed significantly better hepatoprotective activity with reduction of serum liver injury markers and proinflammatory cytokines compared to standard Liv-52. Conclusions: Thus formulated nano sized particles based system could be promising alternative to deliver sesamol.
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