Hamed Mahmoudi
Abstract
Oral and craniomaxillofacial diseases contain conditions affecting both the soft and hard tissues of face and also dentalarches. Exploiting the bioactive nanomaterials (NMs) in clinical utility has been extensively evolved. The NMs offer incredible progress in the averting and cure of oral and maxillofacial ...
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Oral and craniomaxillofacial diseases contain conditions affecting both the soft and hard tissues of face and also dentalarches. Exploiting the bioactive nanomaterials (NMs) in clinical utility has been extensively evolved. The NMs offer incredible progress in the averting and cure of oral and maxillofacial conditions. In the current review, we offer a glimpse into recent development in NMs used to oral and maxillofacial tissue regeneration and disorders therapy, with particular focus on the promoting the quality of oral and maxillofacial healthcare. NMs include polymers, liposomes, particles, micelles, capsules, and scaffolds in nano-size offer worthy oral health. They recognize and cure diseases, restore tissue failing, and enhance the restoration of the physical activity of the tissue by representing the construction of natural tissue. We also delivered an efficient, and the important knowledge gaps for upcoming investigation.
Fateme Ghourchian; Leila Torkian; Negar Motakef Kazemi
Abstract
Objective(s): Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a natural calcium apatite mineral. Hydroxyapatite has many applications in the field of biomedicine and drug delivery systems. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is becoming increasingly important because of its potential use in new medical treatments. In this study, titania-hydroxyapatite ...
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Objective(s): Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a natural calcium apatite mineral. Hydroxyapatite has many applications in the field of biomedicine and drug delivery systems. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is becoming increasingly important because of its potential use in new medical treatments. In this study, titania-hydroxyapatite composite nanoparticles were evaluated as a potential drug carrier for ibuprofen.Methods: Titania-hydroxyapatite composite nanoparticles (titania-HAP) with two different titania weight ratios (30 and 70 wt%) were prepared and loaded with ibuprofen (IBU) as a pain reliever drug. The composites were studied as potential carriers of ibuprofen by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyzes, energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Cytotoxicity of nanocomposites was investigated in vitro on osteosarcoma cell line by MTT assay. Results: The functional groups were investigated by FTIR. Size and morphology of samples were evaluated by FESEM and TEM. Chemical composition and phase formation were confirmed by EDX and XRD patterns. Based on the results of MTT assay, no significant effect was observed on MG-63 cell lines. TGA was used to determine the amount of ibuprofen loaded on the composites.Conclusions: Ibuprofen release was studied in neutral and acidic simulated media by ultraviolet–visible (UV-visible) spectroscopy and the results showed better sustained release of the drug in acidic medium. Titania-hydroxyapatite composite nanoparticle can have a good potential for medicinal applications.
Waleed K Abdulkadhim; Mahdi A. Mohammed
Abstract
Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles covered with gold and silver particles were prepared by hydrothermal method, and for the successful coating of gold and silver particles on Fe3O4 surface, the nanoparticles showed good dispersion and solubility in the physiological phase. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized ...
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Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles covered with gold and silver particles were prepared by hydrothermal method, and for the successful coating of gold and silver particles on Fe3O4 surface, the nanoparticles showed good dispersion and solubility in the physiological phase. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by (XRD ), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibration sample magnetometer (VSM). The nanoparticles (Fe3O4-Au @ Fe3O4-Ag nanoparticles are 16 nm and 10nm respectively ), exhibiting supermagnetism and highly saturated magnetization at room temperature. Also, available data on in vivo toxicity are limited. The advantage of the current study is to evaluate the toxicity of (Fe3O4-Au @ Fe3O4-Ag nanoparticles) by morphological and functional criteria. The biochemical parameters of the organism were also evaluated using an animal model. MNPs were injected intraperitoneally for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. In addition, histological examination was studied in kidney samples. Our results also show that there are no significant changes in biochemical parameters. Where the tissue was kept without any change during the entire period when monitoring. As well as no significant body weight occurred during the testing period and after MNPs particle injection.
Amir Aminian; Amirhossein Fathi; Mohammad Hadi Gerami; Maryam Arsan; Armita Forutan Mirhosseini; Torabizadeh Seyed Mohammad
Abstract
An implant is a device for replacing a damaged or deformed joint, bone, or cartilage. Considering the aging population and developing culture of active lifestyles, orthopedic and dental implants have found their stance as a fundamental component of medical sector, which is envisioned to be continuous. ...
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An implant is a device for replacing a damaged or deformed joint, bone, or cartilage. Considering the aging population and developing culture of active lifestyles, orthopedic and dental implants have found their stance as a fundamental component of medical sector, which is envisioned to be continuous. Reducing the rate of failures, particularly in cases of bacterial infection, is a necessity for meeting the extending demands for implants. One of the major risk factors of this field is implant infection, which can reduce the effectiveness of treatment, as well as increase the need for corrective surgery or extend the chances of mortality. Traditional antibiotics are incapable of providing the desired effects due to the difficulties of bacterial resistance. The exertion of nanotechnology-based approaches can overcome most of the limitations and obstacles of implants. Nanostructures and nanoparticles can facilitate the production of implant coatings, provide suitable materials for making implants, and function as carriers for the release of antibiotics. There are a number of different nanostructures available for this purpose. Nanoparticles and microstructures contain a larger number of effective bactericidal properties than smooth surfaces due to their significantly increased level of adhesion. This study attempted to investigate the antibacterial properties of nanoparticles in dental and orthopedic implants.
drug delivery
Samin Shokravi; Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh; Farnoosh Farahbod; Aref Nooraei
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are comprised of hierarchically-organized subpopulations of cells with distinguished phenotypes and tumorigenic capabilities that concrete to metastasis and cancer recurrence. According to related studies, their presence stands as the main reason of cancer associated fatalities. ...
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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are comprised of hierarchically-organized subpopulations of cells with distinguished phenotypes and tumorigenic capabilities that concrete to metastasis and cancer recurrence. According to related studies, their presence stands as the main reason of cancer associated fatalities. The fundamental feature of these cells is their ability to provide resistance towards conventional treatments or facilitate escaping routes, which include the overexpression of multifunctional ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporter gene family, metabolism reprogramming, and activation of survivance pathways . Conventional therapies are mainly capable of annihilating cancer cells, while lacking the ability to remove vital CSCs. The recurrence of tumors can be impeded through the targeting of CSCs by different therapies. Nanoparticles with unique properties have emerged as a promising approach for combating stem cancer cells. Therefore, the exertion of nanoparticles, especially metal nanoparticles ‐ based drug delivery systems in cancer imaging and remedial treatment, can surpass the obstacles of conventional treatments. Therefore, the possibility of achieving nonspecific toxicities through the administration of lower but more accurate targeted doses can be provided by the production of theranostic metal nanoparticles and the incorporation of payload drugs into metal nanoparticles carriers, which requires a particular focus on the significance of biomarker targeting for remedial purposes and the unique contrast‐enhancing features of theranostic metal nanoparticles for facilitating image‐guided delivery. Despite the benefits of using nanoparticles for treating cancer stem cells, yet it is necessary to surpass the numerous challenges and further conduct comprehensive researches.
Vipul A Sansare; Manish Kumar Gupta; Birendra Shrivastava; Santosh Jadhav
Abstract
Objective(s): Liver diseases affect millions of people worldwide, which are difficult to treat with conventional drug delivery. Numerous drugs have been investigated for treatment of diseases associated with liver however correct drug delivery system need to be find for delivery of drugs. Sesamol is ...
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Objective(s): Liver diseases affect millions of people worldwide, which are difficult to treat with conventional drug delivery. Numerous drugs have been investigated for treatment of diseases associated with liver however correct drug delivery system need to be find for delivery of drugs. Sesamol is a well-recognized antioxidant phytoactive found in sesame oil has reported to scavenge hydroxyl radical. However unfavorable physicochemical properties limits its use as effective therapeutic agent. Thus present study was started with aim to fabricate sesamol loaded polymeric nanoparticles to minimize limitations associated with conventional delivery of sesamol. Methods: Drug encapsulated nanoparticles were formulated using solvent evaporation ultrasonication technique. The selected technique was found to be effective for preparation of nano sized particles with good physicochemical properties. The formulated nanoparticles were evaluated with respect to physicochemical properties and in vivo hepatoprotective potential. Results: The drug loaded nanoparticles revealed significantly better hepatoprotective activity with reduction of serum liver injury markers and proinflammatory cytokines compared to standard Liv-52. Conclusions: Thus formulated nano sized particles based system could be promising alternative to deliver sesamol.
Harshad S Kapare; Sarika R Metkar; Satish V Shirolkar
Abstract
Poly (ε -caprolactone) nanoparticles were investigated as an injectable nanocarrier for the delivery of natural anticancer naphthoquinones plumbagin with the primary aim of improvement in its solubility, drug release profile and in vitro cytotoxicity. Plumbagin loaded polymeric nanoparticle system ...
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Poly (ε -caprolactone) nanoparticles were investigated as an injectable nanocarrier for the delivery of natural anticancer naphthoquinones plumbagin with the primary aim of improvement in its solubility, drug release profile and in vitro cytotoxicity. Plumbagin loaded polymeric nanoparticle system was fabricated by nanoprecipitation method and the composition was optimized using factorial design approach. Nanoparticles showed particle size and encapsulation efficiency of 186 ± 1 - 300 ± 3 nm and 65.00+ 1.50- 74.00+ 1.80% respectively. Optimization was carried out and optimized formulation showed sustained drug release over a period of 24 h. Total growth inhibition of cells in a designed time period (TGI) concentration was decreased by 56.95 % for PNP as compared to Plumbagin in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells indicates improved cytotoxicity of Plumbagin. The formulation development study proven that the developed PNP system exhibited improved solubility, sustained drug release, enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cell lines in comparison with Plumbagin. Thus the designed formulation approach can be further developed as novel carrier for plumbagin to enhance its biopharmaceutical properties
Ali alirezaie alavijeh; Milad Rajabi; Farid Barati; Moosa Javdani; Iraj Karimi; Mohammad Barati; Mohsen Moradian
Abstract
Catgut was enriched with copper sulfate nanoparticles (CSNPs@Catgut), in order to develop a new composited suture with antibacterial and healing properties. Introducing copper sulfate nanoparticles to catgut was performed using a reverse micro-emulsion technique. It is an interesting method because of ...
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Catgut was enriched with copper sulfate nanoparticles (CSNPs@Catgut), in order to develop a new composited suture with antibacterial and healing properties. Introducing copper sulfate nanoparticles to catgut was performed using a reverse micro-emulsion technique. It is an interesting method because of easy handling and relatively low costs. In the revers micro-emulsion medium, nano-spherical structures containing the salt solution are created. The nano-spheres penetrate into catgut fibers and precipitate after drying to form the salt nanoparticles. The prepared CSNPs@Catgut was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XDR) technique, tensile strength, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity tests. XRD and SEM confirmed the CuSO4 nanoparticles formation and grafting on catgut surface. Antibacterial properties were illustrated by E. coli inhibition zone and CSNPs@Catgut showed a significant antibacterial activity compare with catgut. Results of cytotoxicity tests showed no difference between CSNPs@Catgut and catgut. The mechanical strength was improved and increased from 4.16 mm to 10.00 mm. Tissue reaction showed that necrosis and inflammatory cells were reduced from acute to subacute on day 14. Therefore, CSNPs@Catgut can be introduced as a reliable candidate for wound management.
Mahnaz Baghaienezhad; Meshkat Boroghani; Romina Anabestani
Abstract
Objective(s): Today, nanotechnology is growing rapidly due to its high application in science and industry. Particularly in recent years, the synthesis of green nanoparticles has been of great interest with plant extracts. It is a simple, inexpensive and environmentally friendly method. The possibility ...
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Objective(s): Today, nanotechnology is growing rapidly due to its high application in science and industry. Particularly in recent years, the synthesis of green nanoparticles has been of great interest with plant extracts. It is a simple, inexpensive and environmentally friendly method. The possibility of synthesizing nanoparticles from vegetable wastes has been investigated in this article. Materials and Methods: coffee powder was used to produce nanoparticles. Silver ions were found to decrease with coffee extract and resulted in the formation of silver nanoparticles crystals. The properties of nanoparticles synthesized by coffee powder were analyzed by various methods such as UV spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, antibacterial activity of synthesized nanoparticles against two bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli was done by paper disk and optical absorption method.Results: The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed (by the presence of an absorption peak at 460 nm) using a spectrophotometer. The images of the electron microscope showed that the nanoparticles were spherical and had an average size about 50 nm. The X-ray diffraction has clearly proven the field of silver nanoparticles. The results of microbial tests also indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles had an appropriate effect on the two tested bacteriaConclusion: This experiment showed that coffee residues extracts can be used for green synthesis of nanoparticles, which also have an appropriate antibacterial effect.
Zahra Alyani Nezhad; Ghazale Geraily; Fatemeh Hataminia; Somayeh Gholami; Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Abtahi; Hossien Ghanbari
Abstract
Introduction: External radiotherapy is the most common method of radiotherapy which the most important problem associated with is that there is no difference between healthy and tumor tissues in dose absorption. One way to differentiate the dose sensitivity is to use metal-based nanoparticles. Bismuth ...
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Introduction: External radiotherapy is the most common method of radiotherapy which the most important problem associated with is that there is no difference between healthy and tumor tissues in dose absorption. One way to differentiate the dose sensitivity is to use metal-based nanoparticles. Bismuth oxide nanoparticles are good candidates for cancer radiotherapy. In this study, we investigated the dose enhancement effect of the synthesized spherical Bi2O3 NPs in 6MV external radiotherapy. Material and methods: Bi2O3 were synthesized and GENIPIN gel dosimeter was produced and divided into two equal portions, one part to fill vials containing pure gel and the other part to be added to a specified amount of nanoparticles to give a concentration of 0.1Mm. Then, the irradiation of the pure gel and gel vials containing the NPs was performed one day after manufacture by a 6MV external radiotherapy device. Gel readout was performed using spectrophotometer and absorption-dose curves were achieved. Results: results show that spherical Bi2O3 NPs cause a decrease in GENIPIN absorbance range compared to gel without NPs. The slope of the absorbance-dose curve in presence of NPs is 0.038 which is more than this slop in the pure gel (0.029) which indicates a DEF of 1.31 in the usage of these NPs in the tumor. Conclusion: we can conclude that by applying these spherical Bi2O3 NPs, dose absorption of the tumor will increase up to 31% which means the efficacy of radiotherapy can be maintained by lower applied dose to the tumor and healthy cells.
Mohammad Hassan Shambayati; Mohsen Mehrabi; Nasser Mohammadpour Dounighi; Ali Ramazani; Abbas Zare Mirakabadi; Ebrahim Ahmadi
Abstract
The aim of this study was designing and preparing the chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading with snake (Vipera albicornuta) venom as well as evaluating the influence of different factors on the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of venom. The morphologies and characteristics of ...
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The aim of this study was designing and preparing the chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) loading with snake (Vipera albicornuta) venom as well as evaluating the influence of different factors on the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of venom. The morphologies and characteristics of CS-NPs were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. CS-NPs were fabricated based on the ionic gelation method of Tripolyphosphate (TPP) and Chitosan (CS). The results showed smooth surface, spherical shape by SEM. The particle size of loaded nanoparticle was 187 nm and zeta potential was found to be 46.7 mV. Optimum concentration obtained 400 µg/ml for loading of venom, which leads to LC 86% and EE 94%. The structure study of particles demonstrated bond between venom and CS. Based on the results of the study, It can be concluded that the vipera albicornuta venom loaded CS-NPs may be used as a new antigen delivery system.
Mahnaz Kesmati; Mozhgan Torabi; Nahid Pourreza; Mehrnaz Tayebkhah; Fereshteh Asadi
Abstract
Objective(s): Based on our previous studies about nano-ZnO effects on physiological behaviors, in this study we have investigated the effects of anxiolytic doses of nano-ZnO on electrocardiogram (ECG) sings changes in the restraint and non-restraint ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. Methods: Animals ...
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Objective(s): Based on our previous studies about nano-ZnO effects on physiological behaviors, in this study we have investigated the effects of anxiolytic doses of nano-ZnO on electrocardiogram (ECG) sings changes in the restraint and non-restraint ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. Methods: Animals (160-180 g) were divided into: control (non-OVX + saline) and OVX groups that received: saline, nano-ZnO 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, stress of 90 or 180 min + saline and stress of 180 min+ nano-ZnO 2.5 mg/kg. Anxiety-like behaviors were measured by the elevated plus maze (EPM) and hole board apparatus thirty min after intraperitoneally injections or stress induction. ECG parameters and serum zinc level were measured in all groups. Results: Ovariectomy induced anxiety and restraint stress in OVX rats increased it in the hole board test. Nano-ZnO 2.5 and 5 mg/kg improved anxiety-like behaviors in the EPM test. Nano-ZnO 2.5 mg/kg improved anxiety induced by the restraint stress in the hole board test. Nano-ZnO increased zinc level in a dose-dependent manner in the non-restraint OVX groups. Nano-ZnO 1 mg/kg decreased QRS amplitude and all doses decreased QT interval to the level of non-OVX group. Nano-ZnO 5 mg/kg decreased QTc to the level of non-OVX group. Stress of 90 min increased QT interval while stress of 180 min decreased it. Nano-ZnO after stress induction could alleviate heart rate, R-R- interval and QRS interval to the level of non-OVX group. Conclusion: It seems that nano-ZnO rather than could improve anxiety, alleviated ECG parameters in the restraint and non-restraint OVX rats.
Tria Prayoga
Abstract
Objective(s): Compared the nanoparticles form of Miana leaves with its extracts, even in single state or ointment preparation. Hence, SPSS program using Paired T Test is obtained to know the differences between them. Method: The method used in this research is experiment in which try to change the extract ...
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Objective(s): Compared the nanoparticles form of Miana leaves with its extracts, even in single state or ointment preparation. Hence, SPSS program using Paired T Test is obtained to know the differences between them. Method: The method used in this research is experiment in which try to change the extract form to be nanoparticles and be compared. The mixture of Poly Acrylic Acid (PAA) and calcium chloride using ionic glass method could change the size of Miana leaves’ ethanol extract to be nanoparticle with the average diameter amounted 89,77 nm. The equality showed that 2,50% of Miana leaves is equal with 1,17% of nanoparticles Miana leaves extract. Results: The result then revealed that ethanol extract of Miana leaves had antibacterial activities toward Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The nanoparticles form proven can improve the stability and medicine’s administration. In the medicine administration system, nanoparticles has function as carrier by dissolving, trap, encapsulate, and attached the medicine in the matrix. Then, by mixed poly acrylic acid and calcium chloride using ionic glass method, the nanoparticles would be formed. Conclusion: This research indicated that Miana leaves extract of nanoparticles ointment is safe and did not irritate the skin.
Marzie Hejazy; Masoome Moradi; Ghasem Akbari; Mohammad Rasool Amini
Abstract
Objective(s): In veterinary medicine, zeolites are used as toxin binder in animal feed, ammonia purification of aquatic pools, animal smell and moisture control. This study investigated on the risk assessment of nano zeolite on development of embryonic chicken models, anomalies, tetratogenic and ...
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Objective(s): In veterinary medicine, zeolites are used as toxin binder in animal feed, ammonia purification of aquatic pools, animal smell and moisture control. This study investigated on the risk assessment of nano zeolite on development of embryonic chicken models, anomalies, tetratogenic and embryotoxic effects.
Methods: Eggs (120 = n) were accidentally divided into 4 groups. In the experimental groups, 0.3 ml of the solution of nanozeolite (5,50,100 mg/L) injected into egg albumin, The eggs were then incubated for 19 days at 60% humidity and 37.5 ° C. At the end of incubation time, the fetus and organs (liver, heart, brain, spleen) weight and congenital anomalies were investigated.
Results: The administration of nano-zeolite in chick embryos as a model for evaluating human embryonic damage showed teratogenic effects including deformity of legs and wings, liver and heart disformation at the doses of 50,100 mg/L. The embryo were smaller and significant morphological anomalous changes were observed. The comparison between the three experimental groups showed that the dose of 5 mg/L improved viability of chicken and showed increasing the dose of zeolite increases teratogenic effects and increased fetal mortality rate.
Conclusions: The teratogenic effects of nanozeolits on chick embryo should be considered in the risk assessment of nanoparticles on human embryo and fetous.
Marzie Hejazy; Mohammad Kazem Koohi; Adele Bassiri Mohamad Pour; Davood Najafi
Abstract
The health effects of nanoparticles (NPs) are raising considerable and growing concerns from the public and government around the world. Nano-metals are new forms of metal with special properties, but are characterized by having a particle size of less than 100 nm. Copper is an essential trace element ...
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The health effects of nanoparticles (NPs) are raising considerable and growing concerns from the public and government around the world. Nano-metals are new forms of metal with special properties, but are characterized by having a particle size of less than 100 nm. Copper is an essential trace element and its deficiency leads to different diseases in humans. In general, copper NPs have been reported among the most toxic nanomaterials in mammals. The toxicity of nano-copper depends on sex. The increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) plays an important role in copper-induced organic dysfunction.In this review, we will not only summarize the tissues toxicology induced by nano-copper, but also we will discuss the functions of ROS and RNS in the pathogenesis and toxicity in different organs, DNA damage as a result of oxidative stress, changes in Blood biochemical indexes, and the mechanism of the nano-copper induced apoptosis.
Leila Hamzehzadeh; Armin Imanparast; Amir Tajbakhsh; Mahdi Rezaee; Alireza Pasdar
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been at the center of research focus as a new promising material for the treatment of cancer in recent years. Although many chemotherapy drugs for cancer treatment are available, their potential toxicity is the main point of concern. On the other hand, the conventional chemotherapeutic ...
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Nanoparticles have been at the center of research focus as a new promising material for the treatment of cancer in recent years. Although many chemotherapy drugs for cancer treatment are available, their potential toxicity is the main point of concern. On the other hand, the conventional chemotherapeutic approach has not been found to be very efficient in colorectal cancer (CRC) as the drug molecule does not reach the target site with an effective concentration. A major challenge in cancer therapy is to destroy tumor cells without harming the normal tissue. To overcome this problem scientists are trying to use nanoparticles to directly target cancer cells for a more effective treatment and reduced toxicity. Different nanoparticles such as: liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and silica have been developed to carry a variety of anticancer agents including: cytotoxic drugs, chemo modulators, siRNA and antiangiogenic agents. This review discusses various treatments for colon cancer and the potential use of nanoparticles which facilitate targeting of cancer cells. The outlook for new treatment strategies in CRC management is also underlined.
Simin Seifirad; Hasan Karami; Shadab Shahsavari; Farzad Mirabasi; Farid Dorkoosh
Abstract
Objective(s): Nanoparticles (NPs) are known for their specific accumulation in the inflamed tissues of the colon and thus allow a selective delivery to the site of inflammation with minimum adverse effects. The main objective of this work is to attain mesalamine loaded chitosan nanoparticles as a carrier ...
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Objective(s): Nanoparticles (NPs) are known for their specific accumulation in the inflamed tissues of the colon and thus allow a selective delivery to the site of inflammation with minimum adverse effects. The main objective of this work is to attain mesalamine loaded chitosan nanoparticles as a carrier for oral delivery. Methods: In this study, mesalamine loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using an ionic gelation method. Experimental design Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used for the optimization of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles size and gelation process of the polymeric nano-drug controlled release system depends on several variables including the concentration ratio of chitosan-TPP, concentration of mesalamine, concentration of chitosan solution and pH of the solution with optimum conditions of 2.3, 0.02 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml and 4.5, respectively. Results: The mean particle size of the synthesized nanoparticles was ranging from 53.9 to 322.8 nm using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. Moreover, the morphology of the prepared nanoparticles was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, characterization of the chitosan-mesalamine nanoparticles was performed by FT-IR spectrophotometer for specifying the chemical structure of nanoparticles molecules and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for studying thermal behavior. Drug release profile and the amount of the loaded drug were also monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Conclusions: Drug released showed that the release profile of mesalamine loaded nanoparticles was in a slow manner and no initial rapid release (burst effect) was illustrated.
